States of Consciousness
This sleep stage has high brain activity, rapid eye movements, and temporary muscle paralysis.
What is REM sleep?
Repeating information over and over again until it sticks is known as this rehearsal strategy.
What is maintenance rehearsal?
This form of learning occurs when behavior is shaped by consequences rather than stimulus pairing.
What is operant conditioning?
A mental framework that organizes related concepts is called this.
What is a schema?
This type of variable represents groups or categories, like gender or favorite color.
What is a categorical variable?
This hormone signals circadian night but is not a primary sleep inducer.
What is melatonin?
This type of long-term memory allows you to ride a bike without consciously thinking about it.
What is procedural memory?
This term refers to the process in classical conditioning when a conditioned response weakens because the CS is repeatedly presented without the UCS.
What is extinction?
This shortcut strategy helps simplify problem-solving but does not guarantee a solution.
What is a heuristic?
This part of the neuron sends electrical signals away from the cell body.
What is the axon?
Stage of sleep characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes.
What is Stage 2 sleep?
Remembering facts such as “Paris is the capital of France” depends on this memory system.
What is semantic memory?
This process explains why Little Albert feared not only a white rat but also similar stimuli such as rabbits and coats.
What is stimulus generalization?
The cognitive error of believing you “knew it all along” after an outcome occurs is known as this.
What is hindsight bias?
Although this research type can determine cause-and-effect, it may have artificial settings or ethical limits.
What is experimental research?
Type of narcolepsy characterized by chronically low orexin levels and cataplexy.
What is Narcolepsy Type 1?
This brain region stores emotional aspects of episodic memories, such as a wedding day.
What is the amygdala?
This process occurs when an extinguished conditioned response briefly reappears after a pause.
What is spontaneous recovery?
A heuristic that relies on examples that come easily to mind, even if inaccurate.
What is the availability heuristic?
This part of the nervous system acts as the body’s primary information-processing center, integrating sensory input.
What is the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
This brain structure, located in the hypothalamus above the optic chiasm, serves as the body’s master clock.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
Studying in the same classroom where you learned the material improves memory through this effect.
What is context-dependent memory?
This theoretical framework explains learning through attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, as demonstrated in the Bobo doll study
What is social learning theory?
This psychological phenomenon occurs when people fail to notice when their choice has been switch with another option.
What is choice blindness?
This branch of the PNS regulates involuntary processes like heart rate, digestion, and glandular activity.
What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?