History
The process of trephination involves this action.
Cutting a hole in the skull, perhaps to release demons from a possessed person.
This psychologist was concerned with the role of defense mechanisms such as repression and projection in the origin of psychological disorders.
Freud
A researcher studies how well meditation reduces stress. One group of participants is put in a mindfulness meditation program, while another group is put on a waitlist. Their stress levels are measured once a week for four weeks. This is the independent variable in this experiment.
Whether or not they do meditation
A clinician that reads off a list of questions to get information is conducting this type of interview.
Structured interview
This term is used when a patient has more than one disorder.
Comorbidity
Hippocrates attributed abnormal behavior to this.
Imbalances of various bodily humours, such as black bile and blood.
This model suggests genetic predispositions and environmental stressors can combine to produce psychological disorders.
The diathesis-stress model
A study that is not able to generalize to a larger population lacks this type of validity.
External validity
"Faking bad" behaviors on the MMPI are determined using these type of scales.
Validity scales
This is a difference between the DSM V and its predecessor, the DSM IV.
More dimensional approach (severity levels)
No multiaxial framework
This person advocated that the mentally ill be treated more humanely in asylums.
Philippe Pinel (also William Tuke, Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix)
Adler's theories regarding birth order and sibling rivalry are part of this type of psychology.
Individual psychology
This is a molecular genetic method for studying psychological disorders.
Genomewide linkage analysis
Candidate gene association study
Genomewide association study
A screening tool may inaccurately identify whether a disorder exists due to its' low _______.
Specificity (false positives) and sensitivity (false negatives)
It is important to consider one's cultural background during the diagnostic process, because some abnormal behavior is more likely to be found in certain cultures, a phenomenon known as this.
Culture-bound syndrome
He is known as the father of American psychiatry due to his focus on the brain as a causal factor in mental illness.
Benjamin Rush
This is the term for when a disorder causes changes in the structure of the brain.
Biological scarring
The amount of new emerging cases in a certain period of time is referred to as this.
Incidence
Normative comparisons involve comparing a patient's results on a test to this group.
A larger population (or matched group from that population).
This is an advantage of the dimensional approach to classifying abnormal behavior.
More people qualify for treatment
Ultimately more accurate diagnosis
May cut down on over diagnosis
The term "bedlam" was derived from this.
In Pavlov's dog salivation study, this was the unconditioned stimulus.
Food
If a study's results are determined to be caused by the independent variable and not due to chance, they are said to be ________ significant.
Statistically
This projective test requires individuals to make up stories about ambiguous characters.
Thematic apperception test
This is a disadvantage of the dimensional approach to classifying abnormal behavior.
No strict cutoffs - where to draw line?
More complex and more difficult for multiple doctors to understand one another
More difficult to decide correct course of treatment
More difficult to share with patients