Drugs
What are the four methods of drug administration?
Inhalation, Absorption, Oral Ingestion, and Injection
What is drug sensitization?
What are the six landmark studies of emotion?
Phineas Gage, Darwin's Theory of Evolution of Emotion, James-Lange/Cannon-Bard Theories, Limbic System, Shame Rage, Kluver Bucy Syndrome
What is psychosis?
A loss of touch with reality
What are the four psychiatric disorders that we covered?
Bipolar disorder, Schizophrenia spectrum disorder, Anxiety disorders, Depressive disorders
Which drug is highly addictive but has low to no withdrawal symptoms?
Cocaine
What does it mean when someone is a drug addicted individual?
perception of stimuli -->physiological responses --> emotional feeling
Emotion-inducing sensory stimuli are received and interpreted, triggers visceral changes in the autonomic and somatic nervous system. these responses trigger the experience of emotion in the brain
What are two facts of the dopamine theory of schizophrenia?
- reserpine depletes brain of DA by breaking down synaptic vesicles that carry these neurotransmitters
-stimulants increase DA levels which triggers episodes that resemble schizophrenia
What is anhedonia?
loss of capacity to experience pleasure
What is cross-tolerance?
tolerance to the effects of one drug that develops as the result of exposure to another drug that acts by the same mechanisms
Nicotine and Alcohol
What is the cannon-bard theory?
The theory that emotional experience and emotional expression are parallel processes that have no direct causal reaction
perception of stimuli-->physiological reactions
perception of stimuli--> emotional feeling
What is the relationship between the degree to which antipsychotic drugs bind to D2 receptors and their effectiveness for suppressing symptoms?
Drugs that typically bind more to D2 receptors are more effective in suppressing symptoms of schizophrenia
What are the effects of stress on the hippocampus?
Shrinking of dendrites and Reduced neurogensis
What does it mean when someone is physically dependent?
Being in a state in which the discontinuation of drug taking will induce withdrawal reactions
What happens to fear conditioning when you lesion the auditory cortex?
Fear conditioning still happens
What did Snyder (1970) find out about the relationship between anti-psychotic drug effectiveness and affinity for DA receptors?
Effective antipsychotic drugs had high affinity for DA receptors
Ineffective antipsychotic drugs had low affinity for DA receptors
What area of the brain is targeted for brain stimulation treatment of depression?
The prefrontal cortex
What is contingent drug tolerance?
What is the difference between metabolic and functional tolerance?
metabolic: tolerance due to reduction in amount of drug that gets to site of action (it is metabolized faster)
functional: tolerance due to changes that reduce reactivity of sites of action (changes at neuronal site- reduce number of receptors, decrease efficiency to which drug binds to receptors, diminish impact of receptor binding on cell activity)
What was Hans Seyle's pathway of stress?
stressor--> brain--> anterior pituitary--> adrenal cortex-->glucocorticoids
Classical Hallucinogens mimic the ----- symptoms of schizophrenia, while Dissociative Hallucinogens mimic the ---- symptoms
Classical Hallucinogens mimic the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, while Dissociative Hallucinogens mimic the negative symptoms
What day and time is your final exam?
Thursday December 18th at 12:30 PM