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Romeo is interested in how emotion affects decision making. To test his hypothesis, he randomly assigns participants to watch one of four videos designed to induce different emotions: a happy video (dogs reuniting with their owners), a funny video (dogs doing silly things), a sad video (sick dogs in kennels waiting to be adopted), or a neutral video (a slide show of various dogs sitting). Which is an appropriate manipulation check for Romeo’s study?
Romeo can ask the participants how the videos made them feel
what statistics show that items in a survey are consistent with one another?
cronbachs alpha
remember
cronbachs=consistent
What is more precise and why?
95% Cl= [3,5]
95% Cl= [1, 7]
95% Cl= [3,5], because there is less of a gap between numbers
Do you perceive that the dependable Nike brand tennis shoe is superior to Reebok in both exterior presentation and resilience?
Response scale is 1=yes, 2=no
Why is this a bad test item?
Because it is a double barreled question. It would be better reworded like "Is Nike or Reebok more dependable in presentation?" and/or "Is Nike or Reebok more dependable in resilience?"
Bingo wants to know if imaginary play stimulates creativity among preschoolers. She recruits 60 preschool classes. She chooses 30 random classes to incorporate a 30 minute imaginary play activity every day and the other 30 classes incorporate a writing activity every day for a month. She then observes all of the preschoolers at recess and rates the creativeness of their play.
Is this experimental or correlational and why?
Experimental because it has random assignment and an IV.
How did the Tuskegee Syphilis study violate the 3 principles of the Belmont Report?
Respect: people did not have informed consent
Beneficence: did not protect people from harm
Justice: exploited a certain group, benefits did not outway the risks
What statistic communicates the typical score on an IQ test?
median
Research randomly assigned medical residents to work a typical 16 hour shifts or long 30 hour shifts then measured medical errors that were made. One group argues this puts residents as risks, such that sleep deprived residents are more likely to injure themselves than those well rested.
Which Belmont Principle does this critique address and why?
Beneficience, because it could lead to unnecessary harm and hurt wellbeing.
I want to measure how angry someone is feeling for my research proposal using a survey. What should I do first?
Define anger and write it down
what is a pre/post test?
DV is measured twice and all participants get the treatment
Some dude wants to know if distance makes the heart grow fonder. She finds 100 long stance couples and 100 couples that live together. She measures relationship satisfaction for all couples and then compares relationship satisfaction for long distance vs couples that live together.
Is this experimental or correlational and why?
Correlation, there were no elements of a true experiment.
how to tell if something is statistically significant?
contains a p value!, p means probability
Some girls sample sized increased to 400 from 200, how might her confisdence interval change?
Guy measures outdoor exposure and depression every week for three months. What kind of study is this (cross sectional, lagged, longitudinal, experimental) and why?
longitudinal, since the IV was measured multiple times.
It is not lagged because each variable was measured each time.
why choose a longitudinal study?
What is the difference between cross sectional, lagged and longitudinal designs?
Tests if the IV manipulation worked.
Facebook conducted an experiement that manipulated the content of users feeds to see if they could change users emotions. They found negative post exposure increased users posting negative emotional content relative to positive post exposure. What is a concern regarding Respect for Persons?
Users did not know they were part of the study/no informed consent.
Guy measured the number of calories eaten and fatigue on a given day. What kind of study is this (cross sectional, longitudinal, lagged, experimental) and why?
Cross sectional, the IV was only measured once but not an experiment
Chili is interested in whether family dinners reduce feelings of isolation among adolescents. Chili collects a random sample of high school students in her local school district and asks them to fill out one survey that asks questions about the frequency of family dinners and a validated isolation scale.
Is this experimental or correlational and why?
Guy correlates high school SAT scores with Bachelors GPA, what kind of study is this and why?
lagged, because it was measured ONCE at different times
Professor Motsuki will conduct a study of physical activity in elementary school children. She predicts children who take PE 2x a week will be less physically active outside of school compared to children who take PE 4x a week. She will randomly assign students to one of two conditions. In Condition A, students participate in PE for 30 minutes, 4 days a week. In Condition B, students participate in PE for 60 minutes, 2 days a week. During the final month of the school year, Prof has 6 research team members observe the children during recess and record how long the child engages in physical exercise.
Is this experimental or correlational and why?
Experimental because of random assignment.
A study examines the effects of cannabis legalization on crime in Colorado. The researchers gather data on violent crime rates each month over 17 years in Colorado, as well as 21 states that did have not legalized marijuana sales. They then look compare changes in violent crime in the years before legalization and after legalization for Colorado vs. not legalized states.
Is this posttest only, pre-post, or time series design?
Is this a true experiment?
Name one internal validity threat for this study.
Time series because there are multiple measurements both pre and post study.
No true experiment, because of lack of randomness. (it is a quasi experiemnt though)
One IV threat is other drug use, homelessness, demographics, etc.
Dr. French would like to understand the top 2 topics her students want to cover during the final exam review. She decides to survey her students to identify these topics.
What survey question should she use?
Multiple response or open ended would be best.