Assessment
A clinical psychologist notes that a client wears his clothes inside out, that his hair is matted, and that there is dirt under his fingernails. This information is known as __________.
a. clinical observation
b. self-monitoring
c. a dynamic formulation
d. an observational decision tree
a. clinical observation
Neuroticism is __________.
a. a tendency to experience negative mood states
b. simply another term for anxiety
c. a tendency to believe negative things about oneself
d. a tendency to feel anxious
a. a tendency to experience negative mood states
Compulsive hair pulling is also referred to as __________.
a. pedophilia
b. hoarding
c. frotteurism
d. trichotillomania
trichotillomania
What are the two key moods involved in mood disorders?
a. Anger and depression
b. Sadness and anxiety
c. Mania and depression
d. Anger and mania
c. Mania and depression
Prenatal exposure to __________ is related to depression in children.
a. marijuana
b. protein
c. alcohol
d. allergens
c. alcohol
The MMPI is __________.
a. a structured approach to personality assessment
b. the most commonly used test of intelligence
c. a rating scale used to determine how comparable one is to individuals with various psychiatric diagnoses
d. a recently developed objective approach to personality assessment
a. a structured approach to personality assessment
Gradual exposure to feared cues is __________.
a. an old treatment for anxiety disorders that is no longer used
b. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders
c. likely to make someone with an anxiety disorder worse in the long term
d. a useful treatment for phobias but not for other anxiety disorders
b. a common component of treatment for all anxiety disorders
Which of the following is true of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
a. Nearly six times more women than men suffer from OCD.
b. It tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood but is not uncommon in children.
c. Once thought to be a fairly common disorder, with new diagnostic criteria, it is now seen as quite rare.
d. Although most people have both obsessive thoughts and compulsive rituals, rarely are the two issues related.
b. It tends to begin in adolescence or early adulthood but is not uncommon in children.
In order to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode, a person must have __________.
a. disinterest in pleasurable activities for at least two weeks
b. racing thoughts for at least a week
c. feelings of grandiosity over a period of three weeks
d. ongoing intense irritability or violent outbursts
a. disinterest in pleasurable activities for at least two weeks
What two childhood disorders are characterized by aggressive or antisocial behavior?
a. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder
b. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder
c. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and childhood depression
d. Conduct disorder and childhood depression
a. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder
Dr. Kim is a psychologist who uses a number of tests to measure a person’s cognitive, perceptual, and motor performance to detect brain damage. Dr. Kim is probably a specialist in using __________.
a. neuropsychological assessment
b. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
c. computed tomography (CT)
d. functional electroencephalograms (EEGs)
a. neuropsychological assessment
Jessica’s mother is afraid of snakes. Although Jessica has never actually seen a snake, her mother has told her time and again to be careful to look out for them when she is walking. Now Jessica has an intense fear of snakes and refuses to walk in the grass. This is an example of __________.
a. vicarious conditioning of a phobia
b. classical conditioning of a phobia
c. operant conditioning of a phobia
d. unconscious displacement of anxiety onto a phobic object
a. vicarious conditioning of a phobia
Thought-action fusion is __________.
a. a psychotic symptom that helps distinguish between anxiety disorders and psychotic disorders
b. support for the preparedness theory of obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it
d. the reason why trying to suppress unwanted thoughts often causes an increase in those thoughts
c. the belief that thinking about something is as bad as actually doing it
Herbert awakens early in the morning, and feels more depressed in the morning than in the evening. He has lost all interest in activities and derives no pleasure from things that used to please him. Herbert has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder with __________ features.
a. psychotic
b. melancholic
c. atypical
d. catatonic
b. melancholic
What complicates the diagnosis of maladaptive behavior in childhood?
a. Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal for a child of a different age.
b. The dividing line between childhood and adolescence has been arbitrarily drawn.
c. Most psychological disorders in the young have an identifiable environmental cause.
d. Drugs are not effective in treating the disorders most commonly seen in children.
a. Behavior that is problematic for a child of one age is normal for a child of a different age.
Why is classification a necessary first step in developing an understanding of abnormal behavior?
a. Abnormal behavior is not abnormal until it has been classified as such.
b. Communication about abnormal behavior cannot be effective unless what is being discussed is clear.
c. Only through development of a classification system can abnormal and normal behavior be differentiated.
d. Unless an adequate classification system exists, all descriptions of abnormality will necessarily be subjective.
b. Communication about abnormal behavior cannot be effective unless what is being discussed is clear.
In which of the following scenarios might mild anxiety actually be a positive response?
a. Velma is taking her father for his cancer treatment.
b. Michael is going to the dentist to have a cavity filled.
c. Kyle is scheduled for knee surgery next week.
d. Shonda is preparing to take her law-school entrance exam.
Shonda is preparing to take her law-school entrance exam.
People with body dysmorphic disorder __________.
a. overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to attractiveness
b. underemphasize and show little attention to information relating to attractiveness
c. underemphasize and show little attention to information relating to height
d. overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to height
a. overemphasize and show tremendous attention to information relating to attractiveness
A diagnosis of bipolar I disorder indicates that the person has met the DSM-5 criteria for __________.
a. an episode of mania
b. an episode of mania or major depression
c. an episode of hypomania and a major depression
d. an episode of mania and psychosis
a. an episode of mania
Deaira developed conduct disorder early. Malik developed conduct disorder late. This suggests that __________.
a. Deaira will have a higher level of intelligence
b. Deaira will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder
c. Malik will have a higher likelihood of social dysfunctions
d. Malik will show more severe neuropsychological deficits and attentional problems
b. Deaira will have a higher likelihood of adult antisocial personality disorder
Symptoms are to signs as __________ is to __________.
a. subjective; objective
b. complaint; treatment
c. assessment; diagnosis
d. projective; objective
a. subjective; objective
Panic disorders are often misdiagnosed because __________.
a. the symptoms overlap so much with major depression
b. the symptoms are so chronic and mild that they do not seem like serious forms of psychopathology
c. patients are so embarrassed by their problems that they do not make them known to professionals
d. symptoms are physical and are treated by emergency or medical personnel as medical problems.
d. symptoms are physical and are treated by emergency or medical personnel as medical problems.
Which of the following is unique about obsessive-compulsive disorder, as compared to other anxiety disorders?
a. It afflicts more men than women.
b. The incidence is about equal for men and women.
c. It usually begins in childhood.
d. It is a culture-bound disorder.
b. The incidence is about equal for men and women.
Rico has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The most effective drug for him is __________.
a. one that will increase his dopamine levels
b. one that will counteract the effect of sodium in his nerve cells
c. one with both antimanic and antidepressant effects, such as lithium
d. dexamethasone, a cortisol depressor
c. one with both antimanic and antidepressant effects, such as lithium
Most cases of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults are characterized by __________ rather than __________.
a. inattention; hyperactivity
b. hyperactivity; inattention
c. anxiety; hyperactivity
d. anxiety; inattention
a. inattention; hyperactivity