Developments in Cognition
Under Piaget's model of development, this takes place when children interpret new information within their existing model of the world.
What is assimilation?
Under Chomsky's phrase-structure grammar, this structure contains the underlying meaning of any given phrase.
What is deep structure?
This approach to psychology encompasses the conflict between the conscious and the unconscious mind.
What is psychoanalysis?
This research method involves describing behavior in its regular environment without manipulating it.
What is naturalistic observation?
More recent findings have suggested that this concept, known as "Miller's law," may overestimate working memory capacity
What is the "magic number" 7 ± 2?
This element of Chomsky's linguistic theory posits that our understanding of sentences depends not only on individual words and their order, but also the context in which they are used.
What is pragmatics?
In Freud's theory of the psyche, this construct represents our mind's need to conform to moral demands.
What is the superego?
The TAT and the Rorschach Inkblot Test are both an example of this style of personality testing.
What is a projective test?
Conservation, or the ability to understand that an item that has changed appearance retains the same volume, is a key development in this level of Piaget's stages.
What is concrete operational?
This probability-based approach to language ignores both grammatical structure and the many ways words can be added to a sentence.
What is a Markov process?
In contrast to Freud's psychosexual stages, this theory suggests that personality traits originating in childhood become more a function of the ego than the id.
What is functional autonomy?
This approach to personality research involves collecting qualitative data from individuals to understand those individuals, rather than the overall trends in the larger population.
What is idiographic research?
According to this memory technique studied by George Miller, a person can remember an equal number of words as they can remember individual letters.
What is chunking?
These processes allows surface structure to change while deep structure remains intact within a sentence.
What are transformations?
This term, used by Freud for both his dream work and defense mechanisms, can refer to either redirecting a feeling towards a safer target or making latent content less disturbing via neutral manifest content.
What is displacement?
This method of studying psychology involves studying larger groups to establish norms.
What is nomothetic research?
These pseudonymous children provided evidence for Brown's stages of language development.
Who are Eve and Adam?
This linguistic researcher studied children's understanding of plurals using a combination of naturalistic and experimental methods.
Who is Ursula Bellugi?
This psychologist continued and expanded Sigmund Freud's work on defense mechanisms, primarily via her psychoanalysis of children.
Who is Anna Freud?
This Gestalt psychologist established his "life space" and other social psychological findings by studying children in group contexts, influencing future experimental social psychology researchers such as Asch and and Festinger.
Who is Kurt Lewin?