Famous Figures
Though not a philosopher, this figure proposed a dualist approach to ontology, suggesting an integrationist cooperation of mind and matter.
Who is Michel de Montaigne?
This phrase is considered the foundation of Cartesian rationalism.
What is cogito ergo sum?
Penfield's primary method of treating epilepsy involved stimulating patient's brains until they reported experiencing this epileptic warning sign.
What is an aura?
This ontological approach suggests that both psychological processes and material phenomena are byproducts of an underlying "true" reality.
What is neutral monism?
Kant's categories included space, time, and this third concept.
What is causality?
This empiricist identified inherent problems in empirical observation, which later influenced Kant.
Who is David Hume?
Kant sought to combine a synthetic approach with knowledge acquired via this method, as opposed to knowledge acquired via data.
What is a priori?
A since-debunked theory proposed that memories were stored in specific locations in the brain, known as these.
What are engrams?
This issue in Descartes' rationalist approach may also be described as the problem of other minds.
What is solipsism?
Kant contrasted this world with the unknowable, noumenal world.
What is the phenomenal world?
This bishop proposed an unusual mental monist approach to ontology.
Who is George Berkeley?
This term describes the need to consider findings and philosophies as a product of their own time.
What is the zeitgeist approach?
Lashley proposed that other regions of the brain may be able to "take over" abilities previously served by now-damaged regions, a phenomenon known as this.
What is equipotentiality?
The material monist approach holds that mental processes are only these.
What are epiphenomena?
Kant's epistemological approach synthesized these two traditional approaches.
What are rationalism and empiricism?
This philosopher's hardline empiricist belief supported his ideas on government but clashed with his views on witchcraft.
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
Locke borrowed this concept from Aristotle, using it to bolster his claims of empiricism.
What is tabula rasa?
In this example of localization of function, patients with damage to this region of the brain suffer a sensory aphasia that prevents them from understanding speech.
What is the Wernicke's area?
Descartes' approach to animal minds holds that they are restricted to these levels under Dennett's modern analytical framework.
What are Darwinian and Pavlovian?
This ethical consideration is thought to be Kant's equivalent of the "golden rule."
What is the categorical imperative?
This philosopher is also known for his work in infinitesimal calculus and binary arithmetic.
Who is Gottfried Leibniz?
This phrase is central to Spinoza's rejections of Cartesian dualism.
What is sub specie aeternitatis?
Ferrier's studies of lesions and ablations found that damage to this brain segment could cause paralysis.
What is the motor strip?
Leibniz's dualist approach included an order of living things, using these categories ranked from bare to supreme.
What are monads?
This concept, put forth by Kant's contemporaries, posits that sensory experiences are not infallible representations of reality.
What is the law of specific nerve energies?