B/SL Basics
(T/F) When learned helplessness was identified in dogs, it took a long time before it was also applied to humans.
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False!
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Give me an example of a cognitive-affective unit.
Encoding
Expectations / Beliefs
Affects
Goals / Values
Competencies / Self-regulatory Plans
Which kind of conditioning is Ivan Pavlov best known for?
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Classical Conditioning
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According to the General Aggression Model, is violent behavior more often a thoughtful or impulsive action?
Impulsive!
_____ IS NOT _____!
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Correlation IS NOT Causation!
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What happens when our templates of the world fail to describe or predict our current reality adequately?
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Anxiety + Try on new templates
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The annoying seatbelt sound in your car (the dinging when you don't wear your seatbelt) is an example of which kind of operant conditioning?
Negative Reinforcement
Describe the connection between pessimism and negative cognitive schemas (how might this differ from optimists?)
Pessimists utilize negative cognitive schemas, meaning that they are more likely to see the negative, ignore the positive, interpret the neutral as negative (self-fulfilling their own expectations and prophesy).
Name the three schools at which Ian has taught
1) North Carolina State University
2) Meredith College
3) Southeastern Oklahoma State University
What is the best method for improving someone's self-efficacy?
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Enactive Mastery Experiences (Guided Mastery)
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What is it called when we condition a new neutral stimulus to an already conditioned stimulus-response association (i.e., Pavlov pairing a light with the bell)?
Second-Order Conditioning
What is it called when an individual differentiates which stimuli are rewarded and which are not rewarded?
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Discrimination
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Describe the concept of Behavior-Environment-Behavior (BEB) interactions and how we might see that behavior present in introverts vs. extroverts.
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Behavior influences environment... which influences behavior... so on and so forth...
Introverts choose more secluded areas to work, so they have less interaction, which reinforces and strengthens their behaviors... etc.
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What color shirt am I wearing in my headshot photo?
Blue Checkers
Describe the difference between outcome and efficacy expectations.
Outcome Expectation: Extent to which people believe actions will lead to a certain outcome
Efficacy Expectation: Extent to which people believe they can perform the actions that will bring about the particular outcome
Give me three Personal Constructs that you might use when evaluating someone upon meeting them for the first time.
Bi-Polar Constructs!!
What is it called when you stop pairing stimuli, and the conditioned effect begins to wear off?
Extinction
Describe the connection between Optimism and Health -- Try to tie in the concepts of efficacy, locus of control, and coping strategies.
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Optimists are in better health because they believe they can do good and reach healthy goals/outcomes (high self-efficacy and internal LOC), so they make an effort, are deterred less frequently, and cope with stress much better (active coping strategies).
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What color necklace is Ian wearing today?
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Silver!
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Describe Bandura's concept of "Reciprocal Determinism"
1) External Factors (Rewards/Punishments)
2) Internal Factors (Beliefs, Thoughts, Expectations)
3) Behavior
What are the three components of the depressive cognitive triad?
1) Have negative thoughts about themselves
2) Feel pessimistic about the future
3) Interpret ongoing experiences in a negative manner
If I want to reduce someone's behavior by throwing rocks at them every time they do something I don't like... what kind of operant conditioning am I using?
Positive Punnishment
How do Learned Helplessness, Depression, and Locus of Control connect as concepts?
LH develops from initial uncontrollable situation
LH generalizes and LOC becomes more external
Combination of LH and External LOC=Depression
(Serotonin is a major player in all three)
How many scarves does Ian have in his apartment right now?
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TEN!
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