Learning & Motivation
Behaviorism is rooted in the basic principle that all behavior
A. stems from environmental influences.
B. is phenomenological.
C. can be revealed through psychoanalysis.
D. is a result of the personality traits.
A. stems from environmental influences.
According to evolutionary theory, a woman’s greatest worry is that
A. her partner won’t make as much money in the future as he previously did.
B. her partner will have a sexual relationship with another person.
C. her partner will form an emotional bond with another person.
D. she will be forced to raise her partner’s children from a previous relationship.
C. her partner will form an emotional bond with another person.
According to the textbook, one purpose of the DSM is to _______________, and a second is to _______________.
A. make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; guide research on disorders
B. make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; facilitate insurance billing
C. guide research on disorders; facilitate biological research on disorders
D. facilitate genetic research on disorders; make psychiatric diagnosis more objective
B. make psychiatric diagnosis more objective; facilitate insurance billing
An individual who is typically irritable, aggressive, and irresponsible might have which personality disorder?
A. histrionic
B. schizoid
C. schizotypal
D. antisocial
D. antisocial
One view of the different approaches to personality psychology is that each one
A. addresses the same basic questions as the other approaches.
B. largely addresses different questions about personality.
C. makes fundamental advances that surpass the one that preceded it.
D. lacks scientific rigor.
B. largely addresses different questions about personality.
Social learning theory arose to correct several shortcomings of orthodox behaviorism; specifically social learning theorists argue that behaviorism ignores
A. personality, identity, and individualism.
B. motivation, thought, and emotion.
C. both positive and negative emotion.
D. goals, life stories, and personality traits.
B. motivation, thought, and emotion.
According to evolutionary theory, a man’s greatest worry is that
A. his partner will leave him for another person.
B. he is not the biological father of the children that he is supporting.
C. his partner will form an emotional bond with another person.
D. his partner will share resources with another person.
B. he is not the biological father of the children that he is supporting.
The controversy around the DSM revolved around different viewpoints from _______________ and _______________.
A. personality psychologists; social psychologists
B. professional psychologists; the public
C. “old guard” clinicians; scientifically oriented psychologists
D. politicians; scientists
C. “old guard” clinicians; scientifically oriented psychologists
Suicide and self-mutilation are especially characteristic of which personality disorder?
A. borderline
B. histrionic
C. paranoid
D. schizoid
A. borderline
If a psychologist is interested in understanding how unconscious thought informs perception of parental involvement, she should take the _______________ approach to studying personality.
A. trait
B. psychoanalytic
C. humanistic
D. cognitive
B. psychoanalytic
The idea that, in time, you can get used to almost anything is associated with which learning mechanism?
A. habituation
B. classical conditioning
C. operant conditioning
D. respondent conditioning
A. habituation
Ben is often seen as arrogant and disagreeable yet also emotionally fragile and insecure. For what trait does Ben likely score high?
A. emotional instability
B. dispositional contempt
C. high self-monitoring
D. introversion
B. dispositional contempt
What is a major difference between the DSM-IV-TR and the research-based section of the DSM-5?
A. The DSM-IV-TR cluster categorization system has been deleted.
B. The antisocial and narcissistic disorders have been deleted.
C. The DSM-IV-TR is much more concise and, therefore, much more reliable.
D. The new DSM-5 is a lot less technical and is meant to be understood by the general public.
A. The DSM-IV-TR cluster categorization system has been deleted.
Which of the following is/are NOT a major characteristic for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?
A. perfectionism
B. inability to delegate
C. being a pack rat
D. hallucinations
D. hallucinations
Each personality paradigm effectively addresses its own key concerns
A. and has corresponding therapeutic interventions that will change behavior.
B. as well as the concerns of the other paradigms.
C. and attempts to explain the functioning of the unconscious.
D. but tends to ignore pretty much everything else.
D. but tends to ignore pretty much everything else.
Which of the following is NOT an example of classical conditioning?
A. avoiding a meal that caused you to have food poisoning in the past
B. experiencing nostalgia when visiting a previous residence
C. not studying for an exam because of many previous failed attempts
D. rewarding a dog for good behavior with a treat
D. rewarding a dog for good behavior with a treat
_______________ theory focuses on patterns of relationships with others that are consistently repeated with different partners throughout one’s life.
A. Sociosexuality
B. Evolutionary
C. Attachment
D. Psychosocial
C. Attachment
People who have ego-syntonic personality disorders
A. are acutely aware of their disorder.
B. lose their identities.
C. are low in ego control and ego resiliency.
D. do not think anything is wrong.
D. do not think anything is wrong.
An individual who consistently fears abandonment may suffer from which personality disorder?
A. schizoid
B. borderline
C. schizotypal
D. narcissistic
B. borderline
According to the text, research methods are useful for knowing both _______________ and _______________.
A. broad research questions; how to develop One Big Theory
B. what research questions to ask; the best methods to answer the questions
C. which approaches to personality are best; research methods in other scientific disciplines
D. personality research methods; research methods in other disciplines
B. what research questions to ask; the best methods to answer the questions
What term describes a person who typically expects the worst so that they can be surprised or even relieved when the worst does not happen?
A. defensive optimists
B. defensive pessimists
C. strategic pessimists
D. reverse optimists
B. defensive pessimists
According to attachment theory, what are the three types of attachment in children?
A. anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and dependent
B. anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and secure
C. anxious-ambivalent, dependent, and secure
D. avoidant, dependent, and secure
B. anxious-ambivalent, avoidant, and secure
Greg is often characterized as “marching to a different drummer” or acting original and somewhat idiosyncratically. What is an exaggerated version of Greg’s tendencies?
A. schizotypal
B. obsessive-compulsive
C. borderline
D. histrionic
A. schizotypal
According to the text, what is one potential issue for diagnosing personality disorders?
A. The descriptions of behaviors are too vague to be applied to any specific person.
B. Individuals with personality disorders cannot recognize them in their own behaviors.
C. Insurance companies refuse to cover personality disorder treatments.
D. There is no sharp defining line between normal personality and abnormal personality.
D. There is no sharp defining line between normal personality and abnormal personality.
According to the text, labeling personality patterns is both _______________ and _______________.
A. useful; problematic
B. social; political
C. self-reported; peer-reported
D. harmless; criminal
A. useful; problematic