Learning
Removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase behaviour is known as this
negative reinforcement
This model explains health as an interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
biopsychosocial model
Hans Selye’s three-stage biological stress model is known by this name.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
alarm, resistance, exhaustion
During a lecture, Ava briefly sees the next slide before it changes, but the image fades almost immediately unless she focuses attention on it.
iconic memory
This occurs when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus, causing the conditioned response to weaken.
extinction
What is the key difference between the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Theory of Reasoned Action
Theory of Planned Behaviour includes "perceived behavioural control" which is self efficacy to the Theory of Reasoned Action
In Lazarus and Folkman’s model, evaluating whether a situation is stressful is called this appraisal.
primary appraisal
Sarah memorises the phone number “18005551234” more easily after separating it into “1800–555–1234
chunking
This reinforcement schedule produces rewards after an unpredictable number of responses and is highly resistant to extinction.
variable ratio schedule
This theory suggests people change behaviour only when they are ready to do so.
transtheoretical model
(precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance)
Coping strategies aimed at changing the stressful situation itself are called this.
problem-focused coping
While solving a maths problem mentally, Noah stores numbers temporarily, manipulates them, and reverses their order before answering.
working memory
A child watches an adult aggressively hit a toy and later imitates the same aggressive behaviour despite never being rewarded for doing so.
observational learning
My doctor warned me that my blood sugar is on the higher side & I saw a health campaign on TV. Which factor of the Health Belief Model is this?
Maddy just moved to Australia from Vietnam to start university. She is struggling to make friends as she struggles to understand Australian slangs and misses her home. What kind of stress is she under?
Acculturative Stress
During a presentation, Chloe cannot remember the word “hippocampus,” even though she insists she knows it and recognizes it immediately when someone else says it.
tip-of-the-tongue effect
A rat learns that a tone predicts food. Later, a flashing light is paired together with the tone before food appears. Eventually, the light alone causes salivation.
higher-order conditioning (second-order conditioning)
This bias causes people to underestimate their chances of experiencing negative health outcomes.
unrealistic optimism (optimistic bias)
Lincoln has been stressed about final exams for several weeks. At first, they experienced panic and racing heartbeats before exams. After a while, they adjusted by creating a study schedule, drinking coffee to stay awake, and studying every day despite feeling tired. They are still functioning and coping with the stress, but their body remains under pressure. What stage is Lincoln in now?
Resistance stage
Six weeks after reading a story about a conflicted engaged couple, participants incorrectly “remember” that the couple attended counselling and resolved their issues happily, even though that detail was never in the original story.
retrieval as reconstruction