WEEK 4 (QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)
List the 3 research methods?
1. Qualitative
2. Quantitative
3. Mixed Methods
Define a Coding System?
Set of rules to help us guide how the researcher classifies + records the behaviour under observation
Define Normative Values?
Compares an individual's scores to scores of other similar individuals
What are the 4 interviewing techniques?
Structured interview (e.g. job interviews)
Unstructured interview
Semi-structured interview
Critical incident technique
What are the Observational methods?
1. Laboratory
2. Naturalistic
3. Participant
Define Psychometric Test + examples what they measure?
Measure of the mind: Enable quantification of psychological characteristics
- personality traits
- mental disorders
- attitudes
- intelligence
Describe a top-down research approach versus a bottom-up research approach?
Top-down:
1. Make a theory-based prediction
2. Gather information
3. Confirm or reject original prediction
Bottom-up:
1. Gather Information
2. Explore patterns or themes
3. Formulate theory
List the 3 features of 'What' + 'Why' questions?
WHAT questions?
Detail phenomenon (lead to descriptive research)
What a person feels/thinks/does
Descriptive design (observation research)
WHY questions?
Why a phenomenon occurs
Experimental design (why an event takes place)
What is the underlying reason for a person's behaviour
What are 5 commonly used scales in psychometric tests?
1. yes/no responses
2. likert scale
3. semantic differential scales
4. Ranking statements in order of importance
5. Specific questions
List + define 5 qualitative data collection techniques?
1. Action research
2. Case study
3. Content analysis
4. Conversation analysis
5. Ethnography
6. Focus group
7. Grounded theory technique
8. Interview
9. Narrative analysis
10. Phenomenological research
11. Postmodern approach
12. Visual ethnography
List + define the 3 Measures of Central Tendency?
Mode: most frequently occurring value in the scores
Median: value at the middle of the set of scores
Mean: average of set of scores
List + define the 2 types of Correlational Error?
1. Random error: Measure can either be too high or low (overall tend to cancel each other out).
2. Systematic error: Measure is consistently too high or low (no balancing out).
List 2 main features of Qualitative + Quantitative research?
Refer to lecture table.
Intra-observer reliability: the extent which an observer consistently codes a phenomena.
- How much reliability there is within each observer in each phenomena?
Inter-observer reliability: level of agreement between 2 observers coding the same phenomena (inter-rater reliability).
- Systematically compare their recorded observation to determine whether their individual observations are consistent with each other
List + define the 6 types of reliability?
1. inter-rater
2. Test-retest
3. Alternate/parallel forms
4. Inter-item correlation
5. Cronbach's a
6. Split half