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Research strategies and Validity
Experimental Designs (Between- and Within-Subjects)Strategy
Non-experimental, Quasi-Experimental
Factorial Designs
Correlational & Descriptive research
100
All variables in the study other than the independent and dependent variables
What is extraneous variables
100
The two basic characteristics that distinguish the experimental research strategy from other research strategies
What is manipulation and control
100
A research design that compares pre-existing groups on a variable of interest
What is differential research design
100
How many independent variables are there in a 3 X 2 X 2 factorial design
What is 3
100
This is when the observed relation between two variables is produced by an unidentified variable that controls both variables.
What is the third variable problem
200
A third variable that is allowed to change systematically along with the two variables being studied
What is confounding variables
200
It is an unpredictable and unbiased process to distribute different values of the extraneous variable across the treatment conditions
What is randomization
200
The name of the design with the notation below is O X O O O
What is pretest posttest nonequivalent control group design
200
A factorial study that measures depression before and after treatment for a treatment group and a control group is an example of a _______.
What is mixed design
200
The visual used to portray a correlation between two variables
What is a scatterplot
300
This research strategy actively attempts to limit threads to internal validity but falls short
What is quasi-experimental design
300
The process by which a researcher assesses how participants perceived and interpreted the manipulation
What is manipulation check
300
a one-group pretest-posttest design (OXO) is considered to be
What is nonexperimental design
300
When the effect of one factor depends on the effect of another factor.
What is interaction
300
The most common mistake when reading correlational results is believing a result close to -1 is a weak correlation. In fact it is a strong __________ correlation
What is a negative
400
When outside events influence participants in different treatments differently, this threat to internal validity is called
What is History
400
The two active methods of preventing extraneous variables from becoming confounding variables
what is matching and holding a variable constant
400
In this design a series of observations before treatment helps to identify whether an outside factor is influencing the scores
What is time series design
400
This is indicated by parallel lines in a graph of a factorial design
What is no interaction
400
The goal of this research strategy is to describe a variable as it exists naturally
What is a descriptive study
500
If the participants in one treatment are younger than the participants in another treatment, any difference between the treatment may be explained by age. This is a threat to an important element of a research study and is referred to as?
What is Internal validity and what is assignment bias
500
The primary disadvantage of between-subjects designs is ______________ and the primary disadvantage of within-subjects designs is ________________
What is individual differences and Time related threats to internal validity
500
In this design, pretest scores can help reduce the threat of assignment bias
What is pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design
500
This design is used to examine order effects in a within-subjects study
What is a factorial design
500
Examining the behavior of chimps in their natural habitat in Africa is an example of this kind of study
What is naturalistic observation