True or False:
There are 3 types of GABA. Name all!
True. The 3 types are: GABAA, GABAB, GABAC
GABAA is the focus.
What family of molecules is dopamine apart of?
Monoamine Family, and is a catecholamine
What molecule is involved with the production of Adrenaline
What is serotonin publicly known for?
Happiness and Better Moods
How many subunits make up the GABAA receptor?
*Picture of Receptor*
5
2 are alpha units, 2 are beta units, and 1 is gamma
What does DBS stand for?
Deep Brain Stimulation - a method in which electrodes are implanted on the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus to modulate its activity
Locus coeruleus
Innervations: Hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and basolateral amygdala
5-HT Transporters (SERT)
What is the runner's high
After exercising, one may have positive psychological states
What GABAA receptors are linked to impaired memory?
alpha-5GABAAR and delta-5GABAAR
Mesocortical, Mesolimbic, Tuberoinfundibular, and Nigrostriatal
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Basal Forebrain, and Spinal Cord
DAILY DOUBLE!! What can be a reason for anxiety?
During stress, acute increases in serotonin transmission to the limbic system may cause anxiety, can lead to "jitteriness syndrom"
THC is a partical agonist of CB1Rs
CBD affects many receptors
What is Long-Term Potentiation?
When stimulation of synaptic connections is at a high-frequency, thus leads to increased strength.
How do you increase dopamine in the system?
Because dopamine itself can't cross the blood-brain barrier, L-DOPA, a precursor for dopamine can be administered
What is the affect of the loss of orexin-expressing neurons? What is the condition called?
Narcolepsy, excessive daytime sleepiness
What is the Monoamine Hypothesis?
The decrease in monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g. norepinephrine and serotonin) may lead to bad moods and/depressive-like behaviour
What are the potential benefits of Cannabinoids?
1. Epilepsy
2. Pain
3. Mood
*Picture of Graph*
What does this graph indicate about delta-GABAAR and depression-like behaviour in post-partum individuals?
Deletion of the delta-GABAAR leads to depressed-like behaviour. This can be supported by the depletion of immobility for longer periods of time (supported by bar graph)
FINAL JEOPARDY!!! What are the risk factors for addiction?
- stability of home environment
- early use + peer pressure
- education
- employment
- genetics
- gender
- mental health status
What is the common name of beta-adrenergic blocker? What are the effects?
Propanolol, it reduces PTSDs symptoms in memory reactivation
1. reserpine depletes monoamines which produce depression-like behaviour
2. low levels of monoamine metabolites are found in depressed individuals
3. tryptophan depletion can trigger depression
4. most drugs that treat depression are monoamines
Cannabis Use Disorder, affects attention, psychomotor function, executive function, paranoia, memory, and attention