Who are you? (Personality)
According to Freud, the ___ acts as our conscience and is driven by both societal and personal values.
Superego
What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Positive symptoms - Addition of behaviors that should not be there
Negative symptoms - Absence of typical behavior
Provide an example of a negative symptom of schizophrenia.
Alogia
Asociality
Avoition
Anhedonia
What type of biomedical treatment for psychological disorders is typically performed under anesthesia?
Electroconvulsive Therapy
What is the marshmallow test, and what does it measure?
Child is presented with one marshmallow, and an experimenter tells them that they can have a second marshmallow if the child wait until they return. It measures effortful control (a dimension of temperament).
The ___ provides a list of diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders.
DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)
Julia had a panic attack last month but hasn't had one since. She also isn't worried about having one again because she knew her last panic attack was related to a high-stress situation at work that is now over. Would Julia meet the criteria for panic disorder? Why or why not?
No - a key feature of panic disorder is the fear of having another panic attack (so much so that individuals may try to avoid the situation that created it in the first place)
What is one way that humanistic therapy differs from psychoanalytic therapy?
Humanistic = person-centered, focus on the present and on conscious thought
Psychoanalyst = patient, focused on the past and on the unconscious
Travis is the life of the party and loves to go out with his girlfriend, Taylor, whenever he can. Travis would like score high on which of the Big 5 personality traits?
Extraversion
Which neurotransmitter is thought to play a causal role in schizophrenia?
Dopamine
Alycia has had a highly elevated mood for a full week; she jumps rapidly between ideas when she talks and feels like she may have found a cure for Alzheimer's, even though she is an elementary school teacher. Alycia is likely experiencing:
A manic episode
Gray just left a therapy session where they learned how to practice mindfulness meditation when they have high levels of anxiety. Gray's therapist likely practices ____ therapy.
Cognitive
Humors
Aria is afraid of dogs; she finds them loud and unpredictable. Even so, Aria will still go to her best friend's house for playdates, even though her bestie has two dogs. Should Aria be diagnosed with a specific phobia? Why or why not?
No - not interfering with her every day life
Taylor is a 25-year-old who has struggled with a sad mood for the last two years. At times she has had trouble sleeping and can have a really hard time concentrating at work. Based on this description, Taylor may be suffering from ____.
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Eliot has recently been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Among his symptoms are alogia and avolition. If his doctor wanted to treat these specific symptoms, he would like prescribe ____.
An atypical antipsychotic medication
True or False - Each person has only one of the Big 5 Personality Traits.
What is the difference between an obsession and a compulsion?
Obsession = intrusive, unwanted thought or anxiety that heavily pre-occupies an individual
Compulsion - behavior that is performed in order to alleviate the obsession
Piglet worries all the time; he struggles with restlessness, fatigue, and frequently feels on edge. If these problems have persisted most days over the past 6 months, Piglet would like be diagnosed with:
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Roman suffers from Major Depressive Disorder and is participating in a clinical trial for a new antidepressant. For this trial, he takes a pill every day, and after 2 weeks reports an improvement in symptoms. If Roman was actually taking a sugar pill (i.e., he was in the control group), he likely got better because of ___.
The placebo effect