Classical Conditioning
The Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning by studying dogs’ salivation responses to food
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Adding something pleasant to increase a behavior.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Sarah drinks coffee and immediately feels more alert and energized.
What is Unconditioned Stimuli?
What is the stimuli and what is the response?
The smallest amount of stimulus that can be detected.
What is the Absolute Threshold?
Receptors that detect color and work best in bright light.
What are cones?
The stage when learning first occurs; the neutral stimulus becomes associated with the unconditioned stimulus.
What is Acquisition?
Learning in which behavior is shaped by its consequences—reinforcements or punishments.
What is Operant Conditioning?
A teacher takes away a student's phone for texting in class.
What is Operant conditioning?
What type of operant conditioning is this?
The smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected.
What is the Difference Threshold?
Doing an activity for personal enjoyment or satisfaction, not external rewards.
What is Intrinsic Motivation?
Behaviorist who applied classical conditioning to human behavior; known for the “Little Albert” experiment.
Who is John Watson?
Bill gets paid every two weeks no matter what. What type of reinforcement schedule is this?
What is Fixed Interval Reinforcement?
Bob got into a car accident 2 years ago and now when he hears a loud crash sound, he gets scared and panics.
What is Conditioned Stimuli?
What is the stimuli and what is the response?
Perception guided by previous experience and knowledge.
What is Top Down Processing?
Learning that occurs without immediate reinforcement and is shown only when there’s motivation to use it.
What is Latent Learning?
John's girlfriend wears the same perfume everyday and now when John smells that perfume, he automatically smiles. What is this Phenomenon.
What is Conditioned Stimuli?
Reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses (e.g., gambling).
What is a Variable Ratio Schedule?
Phil got a speeding ticket for reckless driving.
What is Operant Conditioning?
What type of operant conditioning is this?
Perception starts with the stimuli itself, based entirely on incoming sensory data.
What is Bottom-up processing?
The ability to remember personal experiences and events tied to specific times and places.
What is Episodic Memory?
What is Discrimination?
Rewarding a behavior every time it occurs; leads to quick learning but quick extinction.
What is Continuous Reinforcement?
Nick goes to the gym everyday and when he lifts, he releases endorphins that make him feel good and happy.
What is Unconditioned Conditioning?
What is the stimuli and response?
The slight difference between two eyes that help determine depth.
What is Retinal Disparity?
Name the 4 Gestalt Properties of grouping.
What is Proximity, Connectedness, Continuity, and Similarity?