Learning
Tolman's Rat experiment is an example of ____________.
Latent learning
Media portrays marijuana as more dangerous than alcohol (so not true) so people believe that marijuana must cause more deaths. This is an example of _________.
Availability heuristic
Genie Wylie's case indicates the ________ of language acquisition
Critical period
Forgetting in short-term memory happens within ______.
15 to 25 seconds
________ is defined as our knowledge and ideas about a set of objects, actions, and characteristics that share core properties
Concept
After the conditioning, Little Albert started getting scared of all white, furry objects. This is called _____.
Stimulus Generalization
_________ refers to becoming stuck in a specific problem solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives
Mental sets
People are born with the ability to recognize all _________.
Phonemes
The __________ phenomenon exemplifies how difficult it can be to retrieve information from the long-term memory. Example: when a celebrity looks VERY familiar but you can't recall where you saw them/their name
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
________, located in the Limbic system, plays a central role in the consolidation of memories.
Hippocampus
Taking a painkiller relieves Ariel's headache. With respect to learning, this would be an example of _________.
Negative reinforcement
Functional fixedness is an example of a broader phenomenon known as, ____, the tendency for old patterns of problem solving to persist.
Mental set
Set of rules of a language by which we construct a sentence is called __________
Syntax
Learning new information hampers something previously learned. This is called _____.
Retroactive interference
Which language acquisition approach suggests that people are pre-programmed with hardware, and develop software through exposure & environment?
Interactionist
A casino that rewards people randomly is an example of a _______ partial reinforcement schedule
Variable ratio
The Tower of Hanoi puzzle is an example of ________ problem.
Transformation problems: consist of an initial state, a goal state, and a method for changing the initial state into the goal state. In the Tower of Hanoi problem, the initial state is the original configuration, the goal state is to have the three disks on the third peg, and the method is the rules for moving the disks
What are the rules governing the meaning of words and sentences called?
Semantics
She smacked him vs. He was smacked by her
Knowing that there is a library at York is an example of ______ memory and remembering something funny that you saw there is an example of _______ memory.
Semantic; Episodic (Declarative)
Tim Horton's roll-up game to win coffee is an example of the ____ partial reinforcement schedule.
Variable ratio (unpredictable + based on number of responses)
Dwight is EXTREMELY allergic to mushrooms and gets incredibly sick every time he eats them to the point that, after a few instances, he stopped liking the taste of mushrooms. What is this an example of? What theory does this relate to?
Learned taste aversion; Biological preparedness theory (Martin Seligman; theory that explains our propensity to learn certain classically conditioned associations over others that is linked to our evolutionary history)
What heuristics are these?
Criminalization of race
Racialization of crime
Criminalization of race - Representativeness (racism)
Racialization of crime - Availability (based on media representation)
According to ________'s _______ approach, all the languages in the world share a common underlying structure called a universal grammar.
Noam Chomsky; Nativist
What is anterograde and retrograde amnesia?
Anterograde: Memory is lost for events that follow an injury;
Retrograde: Memory is lost for occurrences prior to a certain event
Pam is a receptionist who gets paid weekly, and Jim is a sales-rep who gets paid based on how many paper sales he made. What partial reinforcement schedules are these?
Pam - Fixed-interval; Jim - Fixed-ratio