CH 6: BASIC COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
The ___ proposes that older adults find it harder than young adults to ignore irrelevant information
What is: the inhibitory deficit hypothesis
Jaquie’s grandfather recently enrolled in college. He has noticed that it takes him much longer to read the textbook and his notes. This is because ____ declines in old age.
What is: Reading Speed
Naomi is always on time to work, keeps her medical appointments, and pays her bills. Naomi is probably high in the personality trait of:
What is: conscientiousness
Air traffic controllers have to retire before they are 60 years old because of age-related declines in:
What is: Sustained attention
The idea that most middle-aged adults, and especially men, experience a midlife crisis is:
What is: A myth
In timed tests, college students recall more information than non-college-going young adults because they have more practice with:
What are encoding and retrieval strategies
Ill or poorly defined problems have ____ solutions
What is: multiple
____ theories of personality propose that people’s personalities change very little after they turn 30.
What is: trait
Jane uses Google Calendar to help her remember doctors’ appointments, due dates for papers, and exams. Google Calendar helps Jane with ___ memory
What is: Prospective
According to Erik Erikson, the key developmental tasks of young adulthood are:
What are Identity and Intimacy
This type of memory does not decline as we age because it involves unique, highly emotional experiences
What is: flashbulb memory
Jamal is taking a statistics test that requires him to apply formulas and analyze data. In Sternberg’s theory of triarchic intelligence, this test requires ____ intelligence
What is: analytical
Erik and Joan Erikson proposed that during the last stage of personality development, people confront the tension between ______ and _____
What is: integrity and despair
This type of exercise has been associated with improvements in fluid intelligence in old age
What is: resistance training
This part of the brain regulates higher-order cognition
What are: the frontal lobes
As we age, the speed of information processing declines due to age-related changes in:
What is: neurons OR perception
In old age, _____ intelligence increases and _____ intelligence decreases
What are: crystallized and fluid
Fred often worries that his romantic partners will not stay with him for long. In attachment theory, Fred’s attachment style would be classified as:
What is: Anxious
This theory proposes that older adults focus on the positive aspects of life and avoid toxic relationships
What is: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory
Studies of highly creative people, such as Pablo Picasso, Vincent Van Gogh, Silvia Plath, and Edgar Allan Poe, have shown that because they often live in poverty and are alcoholics, they are _____ than people who are not creative.
What is: more likely to have mental illnesses
This theory posits that people are able to adapt as needed after experiencing cognitive losses due to older age, in order to fulfill daily life tasks
What is: Scaffolding theory
Knowing the limits of one’s knowledge and respecting cultural differences in values, practices, and goals are characteristics of:
What is: wisdom
When Zack got diagnosed with cancer, he could not believe it. He went to 4 different oncologists to confirm the diagnosis, and he has not accepted it yet. To cope with the stress of the diagnosis, Zack is using denial, a ____
What is: defense mechanism
Martha’s stroke damaged the language areas of the brain. She is getting help developing other areas of the brain to recover her language skills. This is an example of the ____ model of brain development.
What is: CRUNCH
A type of long-term memory for information that people acquire without intending to do so
Implicit Memory