Chapter One
This is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is psychology?
This is a testable prediction derived from a theory.
What is a hypothesis?
This lobe of the brain houses the visual cortex.
What is the occipital lobe?
Detecting light energy is the job of this type of sensory reception.
What is photoreception?
He founded psychology’s first lab and used introspection to study conscious experience.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
Every member of the population has an equal chance of selection in this type of sample.
What is a random sample?
This brain structure triggered Phineas Gage’s personality changes after injury.
What is the prefrontal cortex?
Turning sensory energies into neural signals is called this process.
What is sensation?
This early school of psychology, led by James, focused on the purpose of mental processes and adaptation to the environment.
What is functionalism?
Participants must know the risks before participating due to this ethical principle.
What is informed consent?
This brain structure regulates vital functions such as breathing and heart rate.
What is the medulla?
Organizing and interpreting sensory information gives meaning in this process.
What is perception?
The principle that correlation does not equal this is central to evaluating psychological research claims.
What is causation?
Manipulating variables to test outcomes is a hallmark of this type of study.
What is an experimental study?
This neurotransmitter is associated with voluntary movement and reward.
What is dopamine?
This theory of color vision states cones are sensitive to red, green, and blue wavelengths.
What is the trichromatic theory?
Freud founded this approach, which emphasizes unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
What is the psychodynamic approach?
Studying the same group’s characteristics over time defines this type of research design.
What is a longitudinal study?
This principle states that a neuron either fires completely or not at all.
What is the all-or-nothing principle?
Seeing a red afterimage after staring at a green object supports this theory.
What is the opponent-process theory?