Foundations 1-3
A study finds a positive correlation between children’s IQ and reading ability. However, children from wealthier families have more access to books and educational resources. The socioeconomic status of the family is this kind of variable.
What is a confound?
The pituitary gland is located below this structure responsible for motivated behaviors.
What is the hypothalamus?
One of the issues with the drug self-administration paradigm is that almost all the research has been done using this class of drugs.
What are stimulants?
This hypothesis that supports the James Lange theory suggests that if you "put on a happy face," you will feel happier.
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
Urbach-Wiethe disease is calcification of this structure.
What is the amygdala?
Dr. Kissel uses noninvasive electrophysiological methods in her research with human subjects because she is this kind of biopsychologist.
What is a psychophysiologist?
The neuron is said to be in this state at rest, which can become hyper- or de-.
What is polarized?
Many sleep deprivation studies have focused on its impact on this.
What is any of these three: mood, physiological changes, cognition?
There are correlations between this hormone and aggression.
What is testosterone?
What is the hippocampus?
In the nature vs. nurture debate, nature refers to the contributions of this.
What is genetics?
This term means that neurons can release two different neurotransmitters (generally one large molecule and one small molecule neurotransmitter).
What is coexistence?
Studies examining sleep across species has determined that sleep serves an important biological function that is not specific to humans, but that sleep may not be needed in large amounts. In looking at similariries and differencees between species, these studies used this kind of approach.
What is comparative approach?
This idea is based on the observation that sensory and motor brain areas are active when experiencing emotions.
What is the embodiment of emotion?
Neurogenesis in the hippocampus is reduced by chronically experiencing this.
What is stress?
Identical twins aren't really identical because of these kinds of changes due to experience.
What are epigenetic changes?
This technique uses fluorodeoxyglucose.
What is a PET scan?
There is debate about the primary neuropathological symptom of Alzheimer's. This is the dominant view.
What is the amyloid hypothesis?
These are the most studied "emotional" behaviors in rats.
What are fear, defensive, and aggressive behaviors?
(Any of 3 is acceptable)
The amygdala should be called this because it is the collection of many different nuclei.
What is the amygdalar complex?
The neuron's DNA is stored in the ____ inside the _____.
What is the nucleus in the soma/cell cody?
This lab prcoedure to test the effectiveness of anxiolytic drugs sees if rats will cover noxious stimuli with bedding material.
What is conditioned defensive burying?
During ischemic stroke, there is a toxic cascade of overexcitement leading to neuron death because of this neurotransmitter.
What is glutamate?
During the transition from initial drug taking to habitual drug taking, control of drug taking is shifted from the nucleus accumbens to this structure related to habits.
What is the dorsal striatum?
The amygdala activates sympathetic nervous system responses to threat vai the hypothalamus, but it activates behavior responses to threat through this structure.
What is the PAG?