Intro to Psych
What is the scientific study of mind & behavior?
Psychology
What is a testable and falsifiable statement that predicts a relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable called?
This type of intelligence relates to information-processing capabilities, reasoning, and memory?
Fluid intelligence
Psychologists outlined 5 primary emotions. Which emotion is missing from this list: Sadness, anger, fear, happiness, …?
Disgust
Hunger, thirst, and sleep are examples of this type of drive.
Primary drive
What field of psychology focuses on studying higher mental processes?
Cognitive Psychology
What is the approach used to systematically acquire knowledge and understand behavior called?
Scientific Method
This type of intelligence is often referred to as ‘street smarts’
Practical intelligence
Emotions serve three main functions: preparing us for action, shaping future behavior, and helping us do what more effectively?
Interacting with others
What term describes the body’s tendency to maintain a steady, balanced internal state?
Homeostasis
What is the psychological perspective that focuses on free will and natural tendency to be in control of our lives?
Humanistic Perspective
What process is used to translate a hypothesis into testable procedures that can be measured and observed?
Operationalization
This concept describes the degree to which a trait can be attributed to genetic, inherited factors.
This hypothesis states facial expressions reflect emotional experiences and can also shape/intensify the emotion itself?
Facial-feedback hypothesis
This approach suggests motivation is rooted in the desire to obtain valued external goals
Incentive approach
Where do a majority of psychologists work? (according to the Pie chart shown in lecture)
Private practice
What is the difference between correlational research and experimental research?
Correlational research = two variables related
Experimental research = causal relationship
To be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, a person must have a low IQ and significant limitations in how many areas of their life?
2 areas of their life (social, academic, career, etc.)
According to the Schacter-Singer theory, experiencing an emotion has two steps: physiological arousal and another process where we look to our environment to label what we feel. What is the process called?
Cognitive appraisal
A person driven by a desire to establish and keep close interpersonal relationships would have a high need for what?
Need for affiliation
Identify and explain one of psychology’s key issues.
nature vs. nurture, observable behavior vs. internal mental processes, conscious vs. unconscious, free will vs. determinism, individual differences vs. universal principles
What happened to Phineas Gage & why was it important to Psychology?
Iron rod went through his frontal lobe & his personality changed, showed how brain uses different regions for different tasks
While intelligence tests measure general mental capacity, these two types of tests measure what you have learned in school or your future capacity to learn a new skill.
Achievement test & aptitude test
While the James-Lange theory states physical arousal occurs before feeling fear, the Cannon-Bard theory would state what?
physical arousal & emotional experience occurs simultaneously
Describe the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
intrinsic = internal desires & personal enjoyment
extrinsic = external reward & avoiding punishment