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Philosophy of Behaviorism
Chapter 1
Habituation Sensitization
Research Methods
Cumulative recorder
100
A change in behavior that results from experience
What is learning?
100
This is known as a relationship between a specific event and a response to that event
What is a reflex?
100
This adaptive behavioral process allows individuals to filter our irrelevant stimuli and focus on more important stimuli
What is Habituation?
100
This is the time between the onset of a stimulus and a response
What is latency
100
Skinner invented this machine to plot the number of responses made as a function of time
What is a cumulative recorder
200
This approach to observe cognitive processes was abandoned due to its lack of empiricism and reliability
What is introspection
200
This is a series of genetically determined behaviors that occur in a rigid sequence. It is common to all members within a species.
What is a Modal Action Pattern (MAP)?
200
This is an increased response to a relatively weak stimulus as an outcome of prior exposure to (a)-that stimulus, or, (b), a more intense stimulus? EXTRA 100 points if you can give an example
What is sensitization?
200
This is the number of responses over time # of responses/ time
What is RATE measure
200
This marking on a cumulative recorder indicates that no response has been made
What is a flat, horizontal line
300
According to determinism, these three things interact to determine behavior
What is What are (1) immediate environment, (2)historical learning in one's lifetime, (3)our evolutionary endowment
300
One of the disadvantages of this process (_______________) is that it is SLOW. I'm talking millions of years to happen, slow. (EXTRA 100 points to GIVE AN EXAMPLE)
What is Natural selection? Extra 100 points examples (Human preference for salt, sugar and fat, aggressive behavior, excessive sexual behavior [i.e. having many, many, many partners to ensure passing on genes])
300
Suzy had a boyfriend who texted her every morning "Hi beautiful!" He said this to her so often, she habituated to "beautiful" and it no longer gave her butterflies. The boyfriend went abroad for 3 weeks and couldn't use his cellphone. Upon returning he texted her, "hey beautiful!" and Suzie felt so warm and fuzzy on the inside. What happened?
What is spontaneous recovery?
300
A researcher is testing different brands of vanilla icecream. In the experiment, each participant tries each brand of icecream. This describes what experimental design?
What is a within-subjects design?
300
This marking on a cumulative recorder indicates that a response occured
What is a vertical uptick
400
This branch of psychology did not deny the existence of the mental world, it simply stated the mental world could not be studied scientifically
What is methodological behaviorism
400
This allele variation (long allele/short allele) was related to depression
What is the short allele?
400
These are the 3 steps involved in dis-habituating a response
What is 1. repeatedly present a stimulus to habituate the response 2. present a second stimulus (dishabituating stimulus) that will ensure the return of the habituated response 3.present the original stimulus
400
This design involves a baseline and the introduction of some sort of treatment or manipulation to the independent variable
What is an A-B experimental design
400
This marking on a cumulative recorder indicates that a reinforcer has been delivered
What is a diagonal tick
500
Cognitive psychologists differ from radical behaviorists regarding thoughts and feelings. What do Cognitive Psychologists believe? What about Radical Behaviorists? (EXTRA 100 points if you can name what Skinner calls these thoughts and feelings)
What is Cognitive psychologists view thoughts and feelings as the CAUSES of behavior, whereas radical behaviorists view thinking and feeling as simply more behavior. EXTRA: Skinner termed these: private events
500
Describe natural selection using either the eye example, the moth example or the skin color example.
What is Natural selection is an adaptive process. Within a population, traits are VARIABLE. Some traits aid in reproductive success, while others do not. Traits that are beneficial to reproductive success are "selected" and passed to the next generation.
500
Describe the lemon juice/ lime juice procedure to demonstrate dishabituation
What is Humans got either lemon or lime juice and their salivation was measured on the first 1-10 trials On the 11th trial, the other juice was presented On the 12th trial, the original juice was presented again and salivation was measured. Due to the salivation on the 12th trial, the dishabituation process was able to tell us that habituation occurred, not sensory adaptation.
500
Describe why an ABA(B) experimental design is more valuable (most of the time) than an AB design. How is this superior when determining causality?
What is "In an A-B design, experiments are not sure if a change in the DV is due to the manipulation of the IV. (low internal validity) By using an ABA(B) design, participants return to baseline, so researchers are able to determine if the IV is truly controlling the DV."
500
A high response rate on a cumulative recorder is associated by what kind of slope?
What is a steep slope