Identify the disorder
Lily doesn't want to go out with her friends because she believes her legs look too large, even though her friends don't see that. What disorder does she have?
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
What are 2 major influences on depressive disorders?
Genetics, stressful life events
What is the purpose of exposure therapy in general?
To help people reduce fear, anxiety, and avoidance by gradually and safely confronting feared objects, situations & thoughts, thereby breaking the cycle of avoidance that maintains distress.
What's the duration of acute stress disorder vs PTSD?
Acute stress disorder lasts 3 days to 1 month, while PTSD lasts at least a month or more.
How many people in the US experience Bipolar I Disorder?
About 1% of people
A persistent sad mood or a loss of interest or pleasure is an important symptom of what diagnosis?
Major depressive disorder
What similar cause do PTSD and acute stress disorder have?
A traumatic event
cognitive processing therapy
All of the anxiety disorders last at least 6 months except for...
Panic Disorder
Similarities in OCD & BDD
-More common among women than men
-Chronic
-Co-occuring with depression
This disorder does not require a depressive episode, involves at least 1 episode of mania, decreased need for sleep, and inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Bipolar I Disorder
What is one of the primary causes around the development of BDD?
Cognitive causes best explain the development of BDD: 1) People with BDD are unusually detail-oriented when processing visual scenes, and this influences how they look at facial features 2) People with BDD are perfectionists
How does cognitive behavioral therapy help in general?
It identifies unhealthy, negative beliefs and behaviors and replaces them with healthy, positive ones.
What is the required duration of symptoms for OCD, BDD & Hoarding Disorder?
Symptoms must consume more than 1 hour per day in total or cause clinically significant distress or functional impairment.
What are the unusually active brain regions in OCD-related disorders?
1) cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) loop, 2) orbitofrontal cortex, 3) caudate nucleus, 4) anterior cingulate cortex
Symptoms of irritability, aggressive behavior, hypervigilance, sleep disturbance, and poor concentration fall into what category for what disorder?
Arousal and reactivity symptoms of PTSD
Which disorder most relates to innate cognitive thoughts such as, "He must think I'm an idiot."
Social Anxiety Disorder
Even if someone with OCD takes medication and still shows symptoms, which other treatment could be more effective?
ERP
What is the difference in duration for MDD vs PDD?
MDD = at least 2 weeks; PDD = at least 2 years
What traumatic events are women most likely to experience?
1) childhood maltreatment, 2) sexual assault/rape, 3) intimate partner violence
People who suffer from this disorder are in clinically significant distress or impairment due to thoughts or activities that become very time-consuming (at least 1 hour per day)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Which disorder category seems to be influenced by circadian rhythms?
Mood disorders
What medication(s) would you recommend to a patient with Bipolar Disorder?
Lithium (mood stabilizers), antidepressants, and antipsychotics
What's the duration of mania & depression in Bipolar I, Bipolar II & Cyclothymic Disorders?
Bipolar I: Manic episode (does not have to be current), but should have lasted at least 1 week, required hospitalization, or included psychosis
Bipolar II: At least 1 hypomanic episode and at least 1 depressive episode in a person's life. Hypomanic symptoms last at least 4 days
Cyclothymic disorder: Timeframe of 2 years in adults & 1 in adolescents; cycling between hypomanic and depressive symptoms - symptoms present for at least half the time & do not clear for more than 2 months at a time
In the US and Northern Ireland, do the PTSD rates increase or decrease even when controlling for trauma exposure?
PTSD rates increase regardless of controlled trauma exposure