Learning
A positive reinforcer is anything that when introduced after a response, ________ the response.
a. strengthens
b. weakens
c. does not effect
d. eliminates
a. strengthens
Attention is selective because the brain's resources are limited--they cannot attend to everything. True or False?
a. True
b. False
a. True
Emerging adulthood is the transition period from adolescence to adulthood. True or False?
a. True
b. False
a. True
Sexual orientation is caused by...
a. being reared by a gay or lesbian parent
b. parenting style
c. childhood sexual experimentation
d. none of the above
d. none of the above
Albert Bandera's experiments indicate that _______ is important in the process of learning.
a. latent learning
b. instinctive drift
c. modeling
d. a fixed interval reinforcement schedule
c. modeling
Genesis has learned the names of all the countries and their capitals in South America. This knowledge is referred to as...
a. semantic memory
b. long-term potentiation
c. a flashbulb memory
d. memory consolidation
a. semantic memory
According to Piaget, which concept refers to our ability to adapt our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information?
A. Assimilation
B. Accommodation
C. Schema
D. Object permanence
B. Accommodation
In which phase of the sexual response cycle does the body gradually return to an unaroused state?
A. Excitement
B. Plateau
C. Orgasm
D. Resolution
D. Resolution
Coffee shops that reward customers with a free drink after 10 coffee purchases are using a _________ reinforcement schedule.
a. fixed-ratio
b. variable-ratio
c. fixed-interval
d. variable-interval
a. fixed-ratio
Three basic phases of memory retention are...
a. chunking, rehearsing, and semantic processing
b. encoding, storage, and retrieval
c. sensory memory, short term, and long term memory
d. recall, recognition, and relearning
b. encoding, storage, and retrieval
Which parenting style is characterized by parents being coercive by imposing rules and expecting obedience?
A. Neglectful
B. Permissive
C. Authoritative
D. Authoritarian
D. Authoritarian
A young girl who plays with toy dolls is engaging in gender-conforming behavior. True or False?
a. True
b. False
a. True
In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning, prior to associating the sound of the bell with food, the dog's drool was the...
a. US (unconditioned stimulus)
b. CS (conditioned stimulus)
c. UR (unconditioned response)
d. CR (conditioned response)
c. UR (unconditioned response)
The human capacity for storing long-term memories is...
a. essentially limitless
b. roughly equal to seven units of information
c. typically, much greater in younger children than in adults
d. greatly reduced after people reach the age of 65
a. essentially limitless
In which stage of Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development do individuals either discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or feel a lack of purpose?
A. Identity versus role confusion
B. Intimacy versus isolation
C. Generativity versus stagnation
D. Integrity versus despair
C. Generativity versus stagnation
Regarding biological sex components, which of the following statements is true of hormones in humans?
a. In males, some of the androgens produced by the testes are converted into estrogens.
b. In males, androgens are solely produced by the adrenal glands.
c. The hormones estrogen and progesterone are higher in males than in females.
d. Hormones are unique to one sex.
a. In males, some of the androgens produced by the testes are converted into estrogens.
Terry gets caught sneaking out of the house at night past his curfew. His parents take away his car privileges for a month. Which principle of conditioning does this illustrate?
a. Positive punishment
b. Negative punishment
c. Positive reinforcement
d. Negative reinforcement
b. Negative punishment
Mario attended a vintage car show and sees a car just like the one he drove in high school. He remembers the feeling of driving the car, the smell of the car, and the fun road trips he had in that car. Which level of processing is he using?
a. basic
b. shallow
c. intermediate
d. deep
d. deep
When Sophie's mother hides her toy under a blanket, she pulls the blanket aside to see if the toy is still there. During which stage of development does object permanence manifest?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
A. Sensorimotor
Sam was assigned female at birth but never identified as a girl. Sam dresses like a boy and is upset if anyone treats him like a girl. Sam's gender identity is best described as...
a. male
b. androgynous
c. cisgender
d. transgender
d. transgender