Learning
In classical conditioning, which originally irrelevant stimulus later triggers a learned response because of association?
a. UR (unconditioned response)
b. US (unconditioned stimulus)
c. CR (conditioned response)
d. CS (conditioned stimulus)
d. CS (conditioned stimulus)
The tendency to recall items that appear first on a list is called (the) ________
a. recency affect
b. primacy effect
c. mood congruency
d. priming
b. primacy effect
Nine weeks after conception, the _____ looks unmistakably human, and facial features have formed.
A. embryo
B. neonate
C. fetus
D. zygote
C. fetus
Males and females are more different than they are alike. True or False?
a. True
b. False
b. False
In operant conditioning, a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur is known as a(n)...
a. contiguity
b. punishment
c. reinforcement
d. operant
b. punishment
Molly is taking a class exam. As she answers the multiple choice questions, she is attempting to ______ information from her long-term memory.
a. encode
b. recognize
c. store
d. recall
b. recognize
Which researcher(s) was/were the first to show that primates are comforted by body contact?
A. The Harlows
B. Mary Ainsworth
C. Jerome Kagan
D. Konrad Lorenz
A. The Harlows
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the origins of sexual orientation?
A. Sexual orientation is linked to current hormone levels in the blood.
B. Homosexuality involves fear of the opposite sex.
C. Sexual orientation may be linked to prenatal hormone levels.
D. Homosexuality is linked to familial relationship problems.
C. Sexual orientation may be linked to prenatal hormone levels.
Years after his conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Brad experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when he first met his friend’s new poodle dog. His unexpected nervousness BEST illustrates:
a. latent learning.
b. spontaneous recovery.
c. delayed reinforcement.
d. shaping.
b. spontaneous recovery.
You study for an exam while listening to your favorite music. Which of the following is this an example of?
a. processing
b. working memory
c. sustained attention
d. divided attention
d. divided attention
According to Kohlberg's stages of moral development, at the preconventional level, behaviors are based on the threat of punishment. True or False?
a. True
b. False
a. True
Regarding biological sex components, which of the following statements is true of gonads?
a. Male gonads are ovaries.
b. Female gonads are testes.
c. Gonads are glands that produce sex hormones.
d. Gonads are responsible for absorbing and expelling nutrients.
c. Gonads are glands that produce sex hormones.
Jenna, a C-grade student, is determined to improve her grade to an A- by the end of the school year. Each time her grade improves a bit, she allows herself to go shopping at the mall. Which principle of conditioning applies to Jenna?
a. Extinction
b. Discrimination
c. Generalization
d. Shaping
d. Shaping
Yuji witnessed a house on fire. Which part of Yuji’s brain is affected by excessive release of hormones during this stress, boosting activity in this memory-forming area?
a. Basal ganglia
b. Amygdala
c. Hippocampus
d. Cerebellum
b. Amygdala
During prenatal development, which of the following statement is true of the embryonic period?
a. The beginnings of organs appear.
b. The fetus grows by three pounds or more.
c. The rate of cell differentiation slows down.
d. The fetus becomes fully formed.
a. The beginnings of organs appear.
Mya wants to be a teacher because she believes that its the perfect career for a woman. Teaching requires no heavy lifting but instead requires patience and understanding--attributes Mya believes are feminine. The beliefs that Mya has about jobs being suited to women can be best explained by the...
a. evolutionary psychology approach to gender developement.
b. biological approach to gender development.
c. social role theory of gender development.
d. attribution theory of gender development.
c. social role theory of gender development.
Which reinforcement schedule does Ms. Logan use when she awards extra credit point for attending lecture?
a. fixed ratio
b. variable ratio
c. fixed interval
d. variable interval
b. variable ratio
Joey, who was very attached to his grandmother, can remember with clarity every detail of the day she died, and he gets very emotional when recalls that day. Which type of memory is Joey using for this emotionally charged recall?
a. Flashbulb memory
b. Long-term potentiation
c. Implicit memory
d. Memory consolidation
a. Flashbulb memory
Two children are given milk in two differently shaped glasses. The children understand that they all received the same amount of milk even though the amount looks different in each glass. Which of Piaget's tasks have these children mastered?
a. assimilation
b. accommodation
c. conservation
d. logic
c. conservation
An infant has atypical genitalia at the time of birth that cannot be straightforwardly classified as male or female. The baby is most likely experiencing...
a. differences of sexual development.
b. paraphilic disorder.
c. transvestic disorder.
d. a disorder of sexual response.
a. differences of sexual development.