When we acquire new behaviors by observing the actions of others.
What is Observational Learning
100
Experiment, named after its infant participant, in which John Watson sought to prove that all behavior and basic emotions, including fear, is learned
What is Little Albert Experiment
100
Sensation of knowing that specific information is stored in long-term memory but being unable to retrieve it
What is Tip of the Tongue Experience
100
Tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way
What is Functional Fixedness
100
Ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure
What is Validity
200
Basic learning process that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral stimulus with a response-producing stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the same response
What is Classical Conditioning
200
Gradual weakening and apparent disappearance of conditioned behavior
What is Extinction
200
Transforming information into a form that can be entered and retained by memory system
What is Encoding
200
Sudden realization of how a problem can be solved
What is Insight
200
Representation of objects or events that are not present
What is Mental Image
300
Process in which a behavior is followed by an aversive consequence that decreases the likelihood of behavior’s being repeated
What is Punishment
300
The occurrence of a learned response to a specific stimulus but not to other, similar stimuli
What is Stimulus Discrimination
300
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list
and forget the middle.
What is Serial Effect
300
Long-term memory of how to perform different skills, operations, and actions. Sometimes known as “muscle memory”
What is Procedural Memory
300
Following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of possible solutions
What is Heuristics
400
A stimulus that has acquired reinforcing value by being associated with a primary reinforcer
What is Conditioned (or secondary) reinforcer
400
Phenomenon in which exposure to inescapable and uncontrollable aversive events produces passive behavior
What is Learned Helplessness
400
Inability to remember past episodic information; common after head injury; need for consolidation
What is Retrograde Amnesia
400
Degree to which variation in trait stems from genetic, rather than environmental, differences among individuals
What is Heritability
400
Developed idea of a "g factor" or general intelligence
Who is Charles Spearman
500
Behaviors that are conditioned using ____________ are more resistant to extinction than behaviors that are conditioned using continuous reinforcement
What is Partial Reinforcement
500
A classically conditioned dislike for and avoidance of a particular food that develops when an organism becomes ill after eating the food.
What is Conditioned Taste Aversion
500
The gradual, physical process of converting new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes.
What is Memory Consolidation
500
Administration of a test to a large, representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms
What is Standardization
500
Judge probability of an event by how easily you can recall previous occurrences of that event