Mood & Anxiety Disorders
Describe the PTSD symptoms:
Intrusion
Avoidance
Negative alterations in cognitions and mood
Arousal and reactivity
Intrusion: re-experiencing trauma through nightmares, intrusive images, physiological reactivity
Avoidance: efforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or reminders of the trauma
Negative alterations: detachment, shame, anger, distorted blame
Arousal/reactivity: hypervigilance, excessive startle response, aggression
Why is DID no longer referred to as "multiple personality disorder?"
Personality is one's consistent pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving, but people with DID lack this integration
What is the difference between Schizoid Personality Disorder and Schizotypal Personality Disorder?
Schizoid: lack interest in social relationships, cold, distant, apathetic
Schizotypal: odd speech, unusual/paranoid beliefs, eccentric
Why is the prevalence of depression higher among adolescents than children?
Why could someone use the insanity defense in criminal court?
If there was a lack of intentionality because the person did not possess their full mental faculties at the time of the crime
What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?
Bipolar II consists of hypomania rather than mania
What is the difference between Conversion Disorder and Somatic Symptom Disorder?
Conversion: neurological symptoms but no neurological diagnosis; triggered by stress
Somatic: excessive focus on physical symptoms that cause distress
What is the difference between Narcissistic Personality Disorder (grandiose) and Borderline Personality Disorder?
Narcissistic: entitled, dominant, takes offense
Borderline: unstable self-image/mood, impulsive, fear of abandonment
Does the MMR vaccine cause autism?
No, that guy made it up
Epidemiological studies have repeatedly found that children throughout the world who receive the MMR vaccine have the same prevalence of autism as those who don't get the vaccine
Which indicator of abnormality is described by behavior interfering with well-being and the ability to enjoy work and relationships?
Maladaptiveness
What is cognitive restructuring? (treatment for anxiety disorders)
Recognizing the automatic (distorted/negative) thought and challenging it to create a balanced thought
What is the difference between Schizophreniform Disorder and Schizoaffective Disorder?
Schizophreniform: psychosis for 1-5 months
Schizoaffective: schizophrenia + severe mood disorder
What is the difference between Avoidant Personality Disorder and Dependent Personality Disorder?
Avoidant: social inhibition, fear of criticism, self-conscious, doesn't enjoy loneliness
Dependent: submissive, fear of being alone, low self-confidence
What is the goal of CBT in treating autistic individuals?
To teach adaptive behaviors, social skills, and self-help skills
What is the difference between the Dopamine Theory of Addiction and Reward Deficiency Syndrome?
Reward deficiency syndrome: genetic deviations of reward pathway; less satisfied by natural everyday rewards
What is the difference between depression relapse and depression recurrence?
Relapse: symptoms return within a short period of time, meaning the depressive episode is still ongoing
Recurrence: the onset of a new depressive episode
How might prenatal viral infections influence the risk of schizophrenia?
Infections trigger an immune response in the mother resulting in an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, which may lead to brain abnormalities
Why are people with personality disorders difficult to treat?
They don't think they need to change
They have difficulties maintaining a good relationship with their therapist
They have rigid, ingrained personality traits
What is the difference between Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder?
ODD: persistent pattern of angry and argumentative behavior toward authority figures
CD: severe behaviors that violate the rights of others
What is The Goldwater Rule?
psychiatrists cannot offer diagnostic opinions on people they have never professionally examined