Physical Development in Early Childhood
Hopping, jumping, and running are examples of this type of motor skills.
What are gross motor skills?
The stage of development that children are in during the early childhood years according to Piaget.
What is the preoperational stage?
A style of parenting that is characterized by encouraging children to be independent while still placing developmentally appropriate limits and controls on their actions.
What is authoritative parenting?
According to Gardner, this type of intelligence involves the ability to understand and interact effectively with others.
What is interpersonal intelligence?
The lowest level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development; the individual’s moral reasoning is controlled primarily by external rewards and punishment.
What is preconventional?
By the time a child is this age, their brain has reached 95% of its adult size.
What is 6 years old?
A limitation of Piaget's preoperational stage, this is the belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action.
What is animism?
The stage of development that Erikson would say characterizes children in early childhood.
What is initiative versus guilt?
A type of thinking that involves thinking reflectively and productively, as well as evaluating evidence.
What is critical thinking?
Broad categories that reflect our impressions and beliefs about females and males.
What are gender stereotypes?
At this age, it is not unusual for children to perform hair-raising stunts on the playground.
What is 5 years old?
Originally proposed by Vygotsky, this term refers to a teacher changing the level of support or guidance given to a learner to fit their current performance.
What is scaffolding?
The first stage of moral development in Piaget’s theory, occurring from approximately 4 to 7 years of age, in which justice and rules are conceived of as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people.
What is heteronomous morality?
Thinking that produces many answers to the same question and is characteristic of creativity.
What is divergent thinking?
The sociometric (or peer) status characterized by a child being frequently nominated as a best friend rarely disliked by their peers.
What is popular?
Building a jigsaw puzzle is an example of this type of motor skills.
What are fine motor skills?
A limitation of Piaget's preoperational stage, this is the inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s.
What is egocentrism?
Sets of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel.
What are gender roles?
Thinking that produces one correct answer and is characteristic of the kind of thinking tested by standardized intelligence tests.
What is convergent thinking?
The highest level in Kohlberg’s theory of moral development; at this level, the individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then decides on a personal moral code.
What is postconventional?
By the time a child reaches this age, their brain is three-quarters of its adult size.
What is 3 years old?
Vygotsky's term for the range of tasks that are too difficult for the child to master alone but can be learned with guidance and assistance from adults or more-skilled children.
What is the zone of proximal development?
A restrictive, punitive style of parenting in which parents place firm limits and controls on the child and allow little verbal exchange.
What is authoritarian parenting?
According to Piaget, this is the concrete operation that involves ordering stimuli along a quantitative dimension (such as length).
What is seriation?
The sociometric (or peer) status characterized by a child being frequently nominated both as a best friend and as being disliked by their peers.
What is controversial?
This change in the brain during early childhood is the reason for the increased speed and efficiency with which information travels through the nervous system.
What is increased myelination?
A limitation of Piaget's preoperational stage, this is a lack of awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties.
What is a lack of conservation?
The second stage of moral development in Piaget’s theory, during which older children (about 10 years of age and older) become aware that rules and laws are created by people and that in judging an action one should consider the actor’s intentions as well as the consequences.
What is autonomous morality?
According to Sternberg, this type of intelligence refers to the ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice.
What is practical intelligence?
The presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person.
What is androgyny?