Research
In an experiment, the __________ variable is what is manipulated, and the _________ variable is what is measured
What are the independent and dependent variables?
These are an organism's observable traits
What is the phenotype?
This part of the nervous system is calming and acts to conserve the body's energy ("rest and digest")
What is the parasympathetic nervous system
These places on the axon are not covered in myelin
The resting potential of a neuron is about _______
What is -70mV?
The process of neurotransmitter release is referred to as _____________
What is exocytosis?
In some studies, subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions - instead subjects are selected because they are already living under certain conditions (such as alcoholism). These studies are called ________
What are quasiexperiments?
Humans don't have the largest brains. Which species has both a larger brain and denser neurons?
What are pilot whales?
This is a thick band of axons that connects the right and left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
What is the corpus callosum?
This structure runs through the center of the brainstem and contains hundreds of nuclei
What is the reticular formation?
Sacs containing neurotransmitters are found here
What are terminal buttons?
This kind of synapse involves the direct stimulation of the next neuron, without the release of neurotransmitters
What is an electrical synapse?
Research that is designed to bring about rapid and direct benefit to people is referred to as _______ research
What is applied research?
Cooper and Zubek found that maze bright rats made fewer errors than maze dull rats only if both groups were reared in an ____________ environment
What is an impoverished environment?
In the CNS, axons are myelinated by __________
What are oligodendrocytes?
Clusters of neural cell bodies in the CNS are called ___________
What are nuclei?
Action potentials begin by the opening of ___________ channels
What are voltage gated/dependent Na+ channels?
Voltage dependent K+ (potassium) channels in the axon open, and K+ leaves the cell when ________
What is the inside of the cell becomes more positive?
In this type of experimental design each participant is exposed to all conditions
What is a within-subjects design?
_________ genes are responsible for making proteins, and __________ genes are influenced by the environment and control other genes
What are structural genes and regulator genes?
This is found in ventricles in the brain and spinal cord, is refreshed every 24 hours, and cushions the brain
What is the cerebral spinal fluid?
This part of a neuron transports neurotransmitters from the cell body to the terminal buttons
What are microtubules?
These receptors do not directly open an ion channel and trigger the release of a G protein
What are metabotropic receptors?
This neurotransmitter is involved in movement, emotion, motivation, and attention
What is dopamine?