Piaget's Theory
The process by which people incorporate incoming information into concepts they already understand.
What is assimilation?
This group of theories assumes that children are like computational systems.
What are information-processing theories?
This is the length of time between when air passes through the lips and when the vocal cords start vibrating.
What is voice onset time?
The distinctive mode of speech that is warm and affectionate in tone, high-pitched, slower, and includes exaggerated intonation.
infant-directed speech
The ability to think on the spot is referred to as ___________ intelligence.
What us fluid intelligence?
The imitation of other people's behavior a substantial time after it originally occured
What is deferred imitation?
What is domain specificity?
When a child assumes that a novel word they hear an experimenter say applies to the novel objects an experimenter is looking at, is an example of:
What are pragmatic cues?
This is the age when babies start to babble.
What is 7 months of age?
What is crystallized intelligence?
The knowledge that objects continue to exist even when they are out of view.
What is object permanence?
A process in which more knowledgeable individuals organize activities in ways that allow less knowledgeable people to learn.
What is guided participation?
The strategy of using grammatical structure to infer the meaning of a new word.
What is syntactic bootstrapping?
A toddler that uses the word dog to refer to all four-legged animals, is an example of:
True or False: School makes kids smarter throughout the year, even during the summer.
False
The tendency of young children to perceive the world solely from one's own point of view
What is egocentrism?
A child that understands that once juice is poured from one cup to another, it still has the same amount of liquid it had at the beginning understands the concept of _____________.
What is conservation
This hypothesis posits that sometime between age 5 and puberty, language acquisition becomes much more difficult.
What is the critical period hypothesis?
What are at least two benefits of bilingualism?
- perform better on cognitive control measures
- have vocabulary in two languages
- two linguistic systems, code switching occurs
An overall quantitative measure of a child's intelligence relative to that of other children.
What is the intelligence quotient (IQ)?
The tendency to reach for a hidden object where it was last found, rather than in the new location where it was last hidden.
What is A not B error?
According to core-knowledge theorists, very early in life infants have primitive theories of these 4 categories.
Physics, numbers, biology, psychology.
This is the age when infants readily learn to recognize new words and remember them for weeks.
What is 7 to 8 months of age?
Children in the U.S. have comprehension vocabularies of about _____?
11 to 154 words
Number of risks in the child's environment was a better predictor of the child's IQ score and school grades than the presence of any particular risks.
What is Sameroff's Environmental Risk Scale?