Anxiety
(Phobias & SAD)
(Phobias & SAD)
Fear of negative evaluation (FNE) is at the core of this anxiety disorder.
What is social anxiety disorder (SAD)?
Excessive reassurance seeking, checking, and superstitious behaviors (like performing certain actions in reverse in order to remove unwanted thoughts) are all examples of this, if they are frequent, interfere with functioning, cause distress and are difficult to control
What are compulsions (or compulsive behaviors)?
This disorder involves intentionally simulating, falsely reporting, and/or inducing symptoms of a medical illness in order to seen as ill (e.g., be tested/treated by a physician, to be hospitalized).
What is factitious disorder?
This is present in nearly all cases of DID and is connected to etiology, especially when it occurs in early childhood.
What is abuse or trauma?
These behaviors in bulimia nervosa (BN) are relatively ineffective at controlling weight because disrupted satiety can often lead to more hunger and more frequent binges.
What are purging behaviors?
While anxiety and fear share similar emotional and somatic experiences, they typically differ in these two other domains.
What are cognitive and behavioral domains? (appraisal is for a direct or imminent threat in fear and more diffuse and future oriented in anxiety; escape, fight and/or freeze are more common in fear whereas avoidance tends to characterize anxiety)
This is the most common outcome for someone experiencing a trauma.
What is resilience and/or recovery?
Mom's back goes out like clock work two days before Thanksgiving every year which means that the rest of the family has to jump in to clean the house and cook the turkey, pies and stuffing. When she goes to the doctor tests suggest no clear signs of injury/illness. This diagnosis best fits mom's presenting symptoms.
What is conversion disorder?
This is a disorder characterized by the preoccupation with a perceived bodily defect. It usually starts in the teen years and runs a persistent course if it is not treated.
What is BDD (Body Dysmorphic Disorder)
Treating EDs always starts with what?
What is normalizing eating behavior (weight restoration; decreasing binge/purge behavior)?
This brain structure turns off the fight-or-flight response via the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis.
What is the hippocampus?
This community-based prevention strategy has been known to worsen PTSD symptoms when it is used following exposure to trauma.
What is Critical Incident Stress Debriefing? (CISD)
Although not well understood, some researchers and clinicians suggest that negative expectations, how a "healer" explains how potentially painful a procedure or treatment might be, and the lack of warmth of the "healer" might trigger chemical changes in the body that amplify pain and/or loss of functioning. This phenomenon highlights the power of the mind over the body.
What is the nocebo effect?
Some individuals, worry that using strategies to recover memories that belong to one or more alters may actually create alters and/or worsens functioning. In other words, from this perspective, DID is sometimes this.
What is an iatrogenic disorder?
This etiological model of eating disorders suggests that the perceived lack of control, external locus of control, and misperception of internal cues related to poor regulation of emotions and disrupted connection to feelings of hunger/satiety may stem from early ineffective parenting strategies whereby as infants they were fed when they were upset and comforted when they were hungryl
What is the ego deficiency model (Hilda Bruch)?
This concept explains why we may see certain classically conditioned fears develop after one paired association with a traumatic UCS that are also harder to extinguish (e.g., hunting trip where one of the members is accidentally shot in the leg and has to wait alone in the dark while buddy goes for help and after making it out of the woods develops a fear of the dark vs. guns).
What is preparedness (or selectivity)?
This specific treatment has been demonstrated to most effectively treat OCD and this psychosurgery is infrequently used when standard treatments, like anti-depressant medications and this first treatment don't work (we watched Glen undergo this surgery).
What is exposure plus response prevention (ERP) and a cingulotomy?
This tendency to struggle to identify and communicate one's emotional state is thought to increase risk for suffering from somatic symptom disorders and eating disorders.
What is alexithymia?
These are the three ways in which alters or sub-personalities relate to one another. Bonus 50 points for identifying the most common pattern.
What are mutually amnesic relationships, mutually cognizant relationships, and one-way amnesic relationships?
Most common: what is one-way amnesic
This is thought to stem from the fact that frequent restriction that puts the gut/brain link into starvation mode, it is NOT likely the cause of the ED.
The preoccupation with food that characterizes many who suffer from eating disorders (especially in those who frequently restrict food intake).
In treating social anxiety you are likely to see cognitive techniques that address negative views of competency and catastrophizing thoughts about social situation, as well as exposure-based techniques like this AND additional practice to address these deficits.
What are constructing a fear hierarchy and doing graded extinction and social skills training to address problems with assertion and social skills deficits.
These are four factors that increase risk for developing PTSD?
What are (any of the 4): gender (women are at higher risk), temperament (neuroticism vs. hardy/optimistic temperament), low SES, serious threat to life/injury, early abuse/trauma, tendency to dissociate?
These would be the best strategies (name two) for addressing pain-related loss of functioning.
Any of the following:
What are 1) social cognitive approaches that promote coping, improve emotional expression and self-efficacy as it relates to managing pain and emotions; 2) integrative-models of health care that provide tools to manage pain (decreased attention, distraction, stress emotion management - like relaxation training, meditation, CBT, social support, emotional expression, biofeedback), 3) rehabilitation models paired with both - removing sources of secondary gain, reinforcing well behaviors, setting small goals and pushing forward even if concerns about pain and/or self-efficacy
This theoretical model suggests that a general diathesis of neuroticism puts a person at risk for a range of internalizing problems (e.g.anxiety, PTSD, OCD, somatic symptom disorder and eating disorders) - name the model and the developmental psychopathology pathway that is described here.
What is the Triple Vulnerability Model and multifinality?
What are sociocultural pressures of appearance ideal and internalization of the ideal?