Growth & Health
Ossification is
The process of turning cartilage to bone
In a culture where children are discouraged from using their right hands and encouraged to use their left hands, you would expect to find
fewer right-handed children than you would find in a culture where left-handedness was not favored.
Johnny has trouble putting together a puzzle alone, but does much better with his mother’s help. The difference between what Johnny can do alone and what he can do with his mother’s help is referred to as
Zone of proximal development
Piaget’s four stages, in correct order, are
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational.
More recent evidence suggests that Piaget's description of the infant’s capabilities
underestimated the abilities of infants
What is not true about physical changes in puberty?
Increased neuronal synapses
From birth, an infant _________________________.
Responds to light and tracks moving objects
According to Piaget, to begin the formal operational period, children must possess what ability?
Deductive reasoning
Motion is a visual cue that
Makes it easier for infants to figure out what something is
Fine motor skills include
eating with a spoon
What is the phrase “use it or lose it” most associated with in neural development?
Synaptic connections and neurons are strengthened through repeated use, while elimination of synapses occur when synapses are not utilized.
Infants like to look at black and white toys because
they have sharp contrast at the edges where the black and white meet.
Which of the following can be used to test for theory of mind related skills?
False belief tasks
Support given to a child as he or she develops a new mental function or learns to perform a particular task is called
scaffolding
Locomotion development requires learning, integration, and constant adaptation of different skills, senses, and motivations as children navigate through their changing environment. This is _______
Dynamic systems theory
Typical exposure to stimuli in humans results in predictable patterns of brain specialization and development. This is called
Joey is 6 months old. His pediatrician is concerned that he cannot hear high-pitched sounds. He puts Joey in a room with colorful toys that can light up on either side. The doctor plays a medium pitched tone on one side. Joey turns to look at it and the toys light up. After several trials, the doctor plays a high-pitched sound on one side. This method of testing hearing is known as
Operant conditioning
Jack has found that he can take something away from his one-month-old baby and the baby loses interest. His baby has not yet developed
Object permanence
Human growth is considered allometric growth because
Different parts of the human body grow at different rates
When 10 month old babies make the A not B error, it tells us that
object permanence is not an all-or-nothing skill
Lydia is starting kindergarten and is around 6 years old. Lydia is obtaining 6-7 hours a sleep at night. What is/are some potential outcome(s) of their sleeping habits?
Lydia may have behavioral difficulties in school, she may not have appropriate growth hormone secretion, and she may have difficulties with attention and retaining information
Which of the following is TRUE concerning infants’ naïve theories of physics?
Infants believe that objects are not able to move through other objects.
As children develop, their memory abilities improve because they get better at
encoding information, storing information in long-term memory, and accessing and retrieving information
Participation in sports supports the development and promotion of
Physical health, social skills, motor skills, and cognitive processes
Marianne wants to know if the specialization of speech occurs early in the brains of newborns. Using an EEG she will measure electrical patterns and activity in the newborns while listening to human speech vs. non-speech sound. What evidence would she need to conclude that specialization of the brain for speech has occurred in newborns?
Electrical patterns are localized to one hemisphere or region of the brain when listening to human speech