Misc.
Memory that is about general knowledge or facts
What is semantic memory?
The three types of memory according to the Modal Model of Memory
What is sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory?
Murdoch (1962) made a distinction between short-term and long-term memories using what
(hint: he read a stimulus list and wrote down all the words remembered)
What is serial position curve?
The process of acquiring information and transforming it into memory
What is encoding?
Memory for specific experiences from our life, which can include both semantic and episodic components
What is autobiographical memory?
Transferring information from long-term memory to working memory (consciousness)
What is retrieval?
Retention of the perception of light (ex.: trail of light from a moving sparkler)
What is persistence of vision?
Patient HM retained short-term memory but was unable to transfer into long-term memory, resulting in being unable to form long-term memories. Where did these memory issues stem from in the brain?
What is the hippocampus?
The two components of the Levels of Processing Theory (depth of processing)
What is shallow processing (little attention to meaning) and deep processing (close attention to meaning)?
Memory is high for recent events and for events that occurred in adolescence and early adulthood (between ages 10 and 30)
What is reminiscence bump?
Highly emotional and vivid memory for circumstances surrounding shocking, highly charged important events; includes memories of where you were, and what you were doing
What is flashbulb memories?
Brief sensory memory for the things we hear AND brief sensory memory for the things we see
What is echoic memory and iconic memory?
Patient KF had impaired short-term memory (reduced digit span) but functional long-term memory, and was able to form and hold new memories. Where was the damage in the brain causing this?
What is the parietal lobe?
Learning is associated with a particular internal state (better memory if mood at encoding matches mood during retrieval)
What is state-dependent learning?
The enhanced probability of evaluating a statement is true after repeated presentation; related to the propaganda effect
What is the illusory truth effect?
The three main types of implicit memory
What is procedural memory, priming, and conditioning?
Small units can be combined into larger meaningful units (ex.: memorizing a phone number)
What is chunking?
What is episodic memory?
Loss of memory for events prior to the trauma (inability to remember info from the past)
What is retrograde amnesia?
Anterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories
Graded amnesia: memory for recent events is more fragile than for remote events
When one individual guides the way someone remembers an experience based on the words used (ex.: using "smash" or "hit"; related to the misinformation effect
What is the power of suggestion?
Neuron firing stops, but connections between neurons are strengthened
What is synaptic state?
The components of the working memory model
What is phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive, and episodic buffer?
The two main branches of long-term memory (hint: one conscious, one not conscious)
What is explicit memory and implicit memory?
What is visual imagery, self-reference effect, generation effect, organizing to-be-remembered information, relating words to survival value, and retrieval practice?
Causes for errors in eyewitness testimonies (name 3)
What is mistaken identity, constructive nature of memory, error by attention or arousal, error due to familiarity (source monitoring), or error due to suggestion (suggestive questioning, confirming feedback)?