Chapter 6: Erikson
The principle stating that genes provide the blueprint but the social environment shapes how development unfolds.
Epigenetic principle (of maturation)
This term describes how Allport viewed mind and body working together as one integrated system.
Psychophysical
The statistical technique Cattell used to uncover the hidden structure of personality.
Factor analysis
True or false: When a certain need is met, it still drives your behavior.
False.
This type of positive regard is given freely without strings attached.
Unconditional positive regard
The developmental period when "others control us" versus when "we control ourselves" marks this major shift in Erikson's 8 stages.
First four stages vs. last four stages (shift from childhood to adulthood)
Allport argued that adult motivations operate independently from their childhood roots through this principle.
Functional autonomy
Eysenck explained that these individuals seek excitement because their brain's baseline activity level is naturally low.
Extraverts
Maslow identified these two distinct types of esteem—one internal, one external
Esteem from self and esteem from others
The gap between who you think you are and your actual lived experiences.
Incongruence
This research method allowed Erikson to study the life patterns of figures like Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi.
Psychohistorical analysis
This "ruling passion" is the rarest and most pervasive level of personal disposition in Allport's hierarchy
Cardinal trait (cardinal disposition)
In the Big Five model, this factor shows the strongest influence from environmental rather than genetic factors.
Conscientiousness
The fear of reaching your full potential and maximizing your capabilities.
Jonah Complex
Rogers used this term for your personal lens through which you interpret all experiences.
Experiential world (frame of reference)
Successfully navigating the Identity vs. Role Confusion stage yields this basic strength of loyalty and commitment.
Fidelity
According to Allport, healthy individuals are motivated to do this with tension, not reduce it.
Increase tension (create tension/seek challenges)
This sixth dimension added by HEXACO captures modesty and fairness in dealings with others.
Honesty-Humility
B-motivation differs from D-motivation because self-actualizers are doing this "from within" rather than striving for external goals.
Developing/growing from within (metamotivation)
The process by which we naturally evaluate whether experiences help or hinder our growth.
Organismic valuing process
This problematic outcome occurs when only the negative/maladaptive tendency dominates the ego, potentially leading to psychoses.
Maladaptive maldevelopment
The crucial relationship that provides sufficient security and affection for healthy proprium development in infancy.
Infant-mother bond (mother-infant relationship)
This Dark Triad trait is marked by strategic manipulation and the belief that "the ends justify the means.
Machiavellianism
Self-determination theory identifies these three fundamental psychological needs for human thriving.
Competence, autonomy, and relatedness
William Stephenson created this card-sorting assessment to measure the distance between your perceived and ideal self.
Q-sort technique