Language Development
This hemisphere shows superiority for language processing from birth
Left
The primary symptoms of dyslexia are
Difficulty learning to read and spell
Examining developmental psychopathology from neurobiological, individual, and contextual perspectives facilitates
Comprehensive/holistic understanding of the psychopathology
High comorbidity between ADHD and this disorder led researchers to propose that they may actually reflect differing degrees of the same disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
Gut microbiota may be an important factor in these multidirectional exchanges between genes, brain, and the environment
Epigenetics
This brain structure is typically larger in the left than right hemisphere
Planum temporale
Individuals with this language acquisition disorder may be more likely to develop dyslexia
Oral language delay
These are measurable indicators of a biological state
Biomarkers
Of children diagnosed with ADHD, remission of symptoms in adulthood is seen in approximately
50%
The vagus nerve works to maintain homeostasis between the
GI system and CNS
The KE family is known for this
High prevalence of FOXP2 gene mutations and language impairment
This brain area in the left occipiotemporal cortex shows increased activation to written words
Visual word form area (VWFA)
This is seen when multiple pathways lead to the same developmental outcome
Equifinality
This may prove to serve as a biomarker for ADHD
Decreased cortical folding and surface area
This inhibitory neurotransmitter is implicated in ASD and may be sensitive to gut microbiota
GABA
Areas of the auditory cortex were more likely to be activated during these types of tasks in deaf individuals
Visual processing tasks
Galaburda and colleagues suggested that atypical asymmetry of this brain structure is associated with dyslexia
Planum temporale
This refers to behavior that elicits responses further supporting the behavior
Reciprocal exchanges
Genes associated with this neurotransmitter may play a causal role in ADHD
Dopamine
Preliminary research indicates that this may be a route to treating ADHD
Broad spectrum micronutrient supplementation
Infants show a decrease in ability to distinguish between these from 6 to 12 months of age
Non-native speech sounds
These domain-general skills are positively correlated with reading ability
Inhibition and working memory
A developmental pathway is probabilistic when
Stability may be present, but change is possible
Gray matter volume in this brain structure has been positively correlated with selective attention performance in ADHD
Anterior cingulate cortex
During the prenatal period, gut microbiota are sensitive to
Maternal diet, infection, and stress