Language Development
Perception precedes production in the development of these language functions
Primary
This aims to use exercise repetition to improve cognition
Brain training
Diagnosis with ASD requires
Social communication/interaction impairments & restricted/repetitive behaviors
Abrupt, rapid movements or sounds that are difficult or impossible to control
Tics
This refers to genes’ heterogeneous and widespread effects throughout the developmental system and across time
Pleiotropy
This form of auditory stimulation activated more brain areas than noise in 3-month-old infants
Speech
This refers to cognitive benefits on tasks that are similar those an individual is trained in
Near transfer
This is seen when genetic relatives of people with ASD show milder traits characteristic of ASD
Broader autism phenotype
Uttering obscene words or phrases
Coprolalia
This viewpoint on human brain development argues that cognitive change is the result of the growth of specific brain areas
Maturational perspective
This is a risk factor for language impairment, impacting interhemispheric language pathways
Preterm birth
These have been associated with ADHD and ASD, but are also observed in children with typical development
Primitive reflexes
This theory posits that deficiencies in coordination/synchronization across brain areas is related to behavioral symptoms of ASD
Disrupted connectivity hypothesis
These intense behaviors may be observed in individuals diagnosed with Tourette’s and ADHD
Rage attacks
This viewpoint on human brain development argues that cognitive change is the result of ongoing interactions between brain development and experience-driven activation
Interactive specialization
Although individuals with Williams Syndrome demonstrate highly fluent speech, they show atypical neural responses during
Tasks of sentence judgment (high integration demands)
EEG coherence studies have shown asymmetric hemispheric development around 2-4 years of age, likely due to
Spurts in language development
Despite receiving a lot of attention, this environmental agent has not been associated with ASD risk
Mercury/thimerosal
These cortical networks have been implicated in Tourette’s
Cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) circuits
Neuroconstructivism is most closely related to this perspective on brain development
Interactive specialization
Some children with damage to this left hemisphere brain area showed recovery through increased activation of surrounding areas and others through analogous right hemisphere activation
Broca's area
The Brain Balance program argues that symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders can be addressed by
Increasing connectivity and activation in the “immature” hemisphere
This atypical pattern of brain development has been observed prior to symptoms of ASD
Increased cortical surface area
The premonitory urge may be associated with reduced gray matter volume in this brain structure
Anterior cingulate
In Waddington’s epigenetic landscape, developmental disorders can be understood as
Different developmental trajectories that lead to different outcomes