Person-Situation Debate
Identify the trait that is unique to the HEXACO model.
Honesty-humility.
While this philosophy assumes that no one's version of reality is totally correct, it also assumes that some people's versions of reality are closer to objective truth than others.
Critical Realism. [What is the other philosophy?]
What are the 3 arguments of the situationist perspective?
1) Personality tells us very little about behavior 2) Situations tell us much more about behavior 3) There is no reason to waste resources on assessing personality. [Can you provide a rebuttal to each of these?]
Choose 2 of the Big Five traits. What are examples of Natural B-Data that could be used to identify individuals who are LOW on these traits.
This is the third class you've taken with your instructor. In the first two classes, there was a lot of info to learn, and you had to know how to apply it. Now, in this third class, you expect more of the same. This conclusion has strong...
Predictive validity -- past data/results help you conclude something about the future. (I do love application questions!) [What other type of validity did we discuss in Part 2?]
Name the two specific examples of person-environment transactions we discussed in class. Then, provide an example of one of them.
Many possible answers -- must reflect either situation selection or situation evocation. [What are the 3 broader types of person-environment transactions? Can you come up with more of your own examples of each?]
Explain how the dictionary was essential to the development of the most prominent essential-trait approach. Be sure to name the hypothesis that led to the use of the dictionary too!
The Lexical Hypothesis states that we probably have words for all important features of a person. So Allport & Odbert used the dictionary to find all of the words that describe people. They used statistics to figure out where those words "lumped" into the essential Big Five traits.
Some moderators of accuracy are about the people involved -- the Assessor and the Target. Describe how two moderators related to either of these people affect the accuracy of personality assessments.
Answers need to address any of the following moderators: Of the Assessor - IQ, conscientiousness, communion, or positivity; Of the Target -- self-monitoring. [What are the moderators related to the Trait and the Information?]
Draw a personality profile for Aaron Rodgers. Be able to explain your profile with evidence.
Many possible answers. [How does a personality profile differ from using typologies? What's the difference between the single-trait and many-trait approaches?]
What are the four elements in the Realistic Accuracy Model?
Target must be able to provide relevant info; that info must be made available to the Assessor; who must be able to detect the info; and be able to actually utilize the info
You discover that your partner was out at a party last night. They got seriously intoxicated and cheated on you. They claim they will never do it again -- it was only because they were so drunk and the other person basically threw themselves at your partner. As a student of personality psychology, what have you learned that would counter these situationist claims?
There are a few different reasonable answers. First, the average correlation between personality and behavior is up to .40, which is actually a pretty strong predictor. Second, the average correlation for situations is lower, suggesting it is often a poorer predictor of behavior. Third, active person-environment transactions suggest that your partner is likely to choose to be in similar situations in the future, increasing the odds of future indiscretions.
Choose any of the Big Five traits. Explain what it is and then provide 1 advantage or disadvantage of being high on that trait.
Many possible answers -- must relate to the OCEAN traits. Answers must be based on evidence provided in the text or in class. [Can you identify the advantages and disadvantages of all the traits?]
Which type of research design can be used to ask questions about personality development over time? What can't they tell us?
Longitudinal designs -- but they can't tell us WHY people change in the ways they do. [What kind of design can we use to study cohort effects? In what way is personality stable? In what way does personality change?]