Chapter 4
This biological rhythm follows a ~24-hour cycle and helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
What is circadian rhythm?
A dog learning that a bell precedes food and begins to salivate when hearing the bell went through this kind of learning.
What is classical conditioning?
Franny remembering a long string of numbers by grouping them into smaller, meaningful groups is an example of this memory strategy.
What is chunking?
You seeing a four-legged animal with fur and immediately think "dog" because it resembles your mental example of a typical dog is an example of this concept.
What is a prototype?
A person who took a substance increasing alertness and CNS activity most likely took this kind of psychoactive substance.
What is a stimulant?
A person in this stage of sleep has vivid dreams while their brain activity resembles wakefulness.
What is REM sleep?
A student receives praise for participating in class and starts participating more often experienced this form of operant conditioning.
What is positive reinforcement?
Remembering how to ride a bike without consciously recall the steps is an example of this kind of memory.
What is procedural memory?
Chino is solving a math problem by following a specific sequence of steps guaranteed to produce the correct answer when applied correctly is using this problem-solving strategy.
What is an algorithm?
A child watching their older sibling be praised for sharing toys and in turn, starts sharing their toys too is an example of this kind of learning.
What is observational learning?
This theory states explain that dreams result from the brain trying to make sense of brain activity during sleep.
What is activation-synthesis theory?
After being bit by a dog, a child becomes afraid of all dogs, unfriendly or not.
This example demonstrates _______
What is stimulus generalization?
Cameron being able to remember the first and last items on a list better than the items in the middle is an example of this effect.
What is the serial position effect?
After hearing about several plane accidents in the news, Penelope overestimating how likely a plane crash is is an example of this bias.
What is availability heuristic?
Remembering the general fact that Sacramento is the capital of California is this kind of memory.
What is semantic memory?
What is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
A student learns to avoid speeding because receiving a ticket is an unpleasant consequence, which in turn makes the speeding behavior.
This is an example of _________
What is positive punishment?
You learn your new phone password and afterwards, you struggle to remember your old password is an example of this memory failure.
What is retroactive interference?
Skye believing a certain theory is correct and only searching for evidence supporting it rather than looking into any research against it is an example of this bias.
What is confirmation bias?
This psychoactive substance slows CNS activity and impairs coordination and reaction time.
What is a depressant?
A person experiences this when they feel emotionally driven to use a substance and believes they need it to cope, but doesn't describe physical withdrawal is experiencing this kind of dependence.
What is psychological dependence?
A behavior is under this schedule of reinforcement after it was reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses.
What is variable-ratio schedule?
After getting a new history teacher in the middle of the year, Shannon keeps accidentally calling them by the name of their previous professor. This is an example of _____
What is proactive interference?
Sami is trying to open a can of pain, and refuses to use a coin to try and open it because she only thinks of coins as money.
This is an example of this pitfall to problem solving.
What is functional fixedness?
A rat is under this schedule of reinforcement if they receive food after every fifth lever press.
What is a fixed-ratio schedule?