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Phenomenon in which the expectations of the participants in a study can influence their behavior.
placebo
Tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations.
hypothesis
Deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships.
experiment
Method of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced.
scientific
Theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud.
psychoanalysis
Professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology.
psychologist
Measure of the relationship between two variables.
correlation
Physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.
psychiatrist
Tendency of observers to see what they expect to see.
bias
Early perspective in psychology associated with Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener, in which the focus of study is the structure or basic elements of the mind.
structuralism
Thinking and making reasoned judgments about claims.
critical
Perspective that focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture.
sociocultural
Process of assigning subjects to the experimental or control groups randomly, so that each subject has an equal chance of being in either group.
random
In research, repeating a study or experiment to see if the same results will be obtained in an effort to demonstrate reliability of results.
replicate
Early perspective in psychology associated with William James, in which the focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play.
functionalism
Process of examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities.
introspection
Watching nonhuman animals or humans behave in their normal environment without interacting with them in any way is called
naturalistic observation
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
psychology
Entire group of people or nonhuman animals in which the researcher is interested.
population
Word Bank
placebo, psychoanalysis, bias, random, psychology, hypothesis, psychologist, structuralism, replicate, population, experiment, correlation, critical, functionalism, introspection, scientific, psychiatrist, sociocultural, naturalistic observation