Chapter 1
Variable?
A factor that can be manipulated, controlled, or measured
The strategies our ego uses to help reduce anxiety & conflict
Defense Mechanisms
The central nervous system consists of _____
Brain & spinal cord
The body's way of protecting itself from harmful substances
Tolerance
The process by which new objects, events, and experiences are incorporated into the mind
assimilation
The research method that can identify cause & effect relations?
Experimental Method
The defense mechanism that attributes undesirable traits and thoughts to others
Projection
The specialized cells that conduct impulses through the nervous system
Neurons
The three states of altered consciousness
Sleep, meditation, and hypnosis
The two forms of adolescent ego-centricity by David Elkine
- Imaginary audience: believed to be the focus of attention
- Personal fable: exaggerated personal uniqueness
What is a theory? & How does it work?
Theory - principals or a set of principles proposed to explain facts or events
How it works - developed through observation, experimentation, and analysis
The central idea of psychoanalytic theory?
unconscious forces shape human thoughts & behaviors
Handedness is determined by
- The cerebral hemisphere
- Neurologically
- genes & learning
REM? How does your body react
REM: a sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, paralysis, and irregular heartbeat/respiratory rates
- The body sends out Epinephrine
According to Piaget, a plan of action based on previous experiences
Critical thinking?
The objective evaluation of claims, propositions, or conclusions to see if they follow the logic of the evidence presented
Parents set up _____ to create positive regard for their children
Conditions of worth
The method by which brain strength is evaluated
Electroencephalogram
Weak = few neurons fire; slow
Strong = thousands of neurons fire; rapidly
The effect of small amounts of sleep on mental activity
The stage at which one's search for identity begins & the stage it occurs at
- Adolescence
- Identity vs Role Confusion
What are the goals of psychology as a science?
- To describe: accurate identification of behaviors & mental processes
- To explain: Reasons for behaviors & mental processes
- To prediction: Hypotheses about how conditions affect behaviors or mental processes
- To influence: results influence future problem solving
How self-esteem grows
- self-actualization
- Conditions of worth
- Unconditional positive regard
- self-acceptance
- Comparison to desired traits
Male brain vs Female brain (In the context of gray and white matter)
Women's brains of equal amount of gray and white matter
Male brains have more white matter than women, but a lower amount of white matter in the left brain
If you work and your biological clock is telling you to sleep, how will this affect your work?
- Alertness and performance deteriorates
- Energy and efficiency are low
- Reaction time is slow
- Productivity is diminished
One feels this in the last stage of life if they fail to find integrity
Despair