Definitions
Equations
Concepts
Probability and Z-scores
Hypothesis Testing
100
n
What is the amount of values/people
100
average
What is adding all the values together and dividing by the amount of values
100
When do we fail to reject the null hypothesis
What is when the test statistic doesn't reach our critical value
100
The whole area under the curve equals
What is 100%
100
What defines a Hypothesis
What is a statement that can be tested
200
Difference of Null and Alt Hypothesis
What is assuming there is no difference between our sample mean and pop mean v. what is assuming there will be a difference
200
Solving for Z-score
What is raw score (x) - (m) mean divided by standard dev.
200
The reason we use Z-Scores
What is a standardized level of measurement to compare two distributions with different levels of measurement
200
Joint Probability
What is the likely hood of two events happening at once
200
What happens to a alpha of a=0.05 when our Ha is non directional
What is broken down to 0.025 on both sides
300
The difference between Inferential Statistics and Descriptive Statistics
What is inferring something about a population based on a sample and describing a population
300
Using z-scores how would you solve for the proportion in the middle?
What is subtracting the tail proportions, or subtracting one prop in body and one in tail
300
Why do we try to use random sampling
What is keeping the sample representative to the population
300
Conditional Probability =..
P(A|B) = P(A and B) divided by P(B)
300
The 5 steps of Hypothesis testing
What is.. State the null and alt
Determine Critical Value
Calculate the test statistic
Reject or fail to reject the null
400
Alpha
what is how conservative we are in our hypothesis testing (critical value)
400
Standard Error
oM = (pop sd) divided by (square root of n)
400
When taking a subset of a population there will always be...
What is natural variety/sampling error
400
If we have a mew of 5, sd of 1.3 and a raw score of 6... what would be the percentage be if we were interested in the proportion of tail?
what is 22%
(.2236)
400
We assume cat owners are happier than the average population (u=5)(o=2), we take a sample of (30) cat owners and find (M=7)(sd=1). We set an alpha of 0.05. What is our test statistic and do we reject or fail to reject the null?
What is 5.55 and rejecting the null
500
Test Statistic
What is the value we use to reject or fail to reject the null
500
Sample Means
What is z= (sample mean) - (pop mean) divided by (Standard error)
z= M-u/oM
500
Why do we use alpha/rejection regions in hypothesis testing?
What is checking for if our sample's data is just sampling error or if it is significant enough
500
Use the independence rule to determine if (no sleep) and (failing) are independent events.
What is Dependent
500
We want to see if people who take anxiety meds are less anxious than people with anxiety who don't take meds (u=8.5)(o=1), we take a sample of (31) anxiety patients who are on meds and find (M=6.5)(SD=.5). We use a alpha of 0.05.
What is our test statistic, and do we reject or fail to reject the null
What is -11.76 and rejecting the null