People of Psychology
The theory that Sigmund Freud is famous for creating.
What is psychoanalysis/psychodynamic theory?
Describe random assignment and how it's used in research Psychology.
What is randomly assigning participants to experimental or control conditions in a research study?
Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb used in problem-solving or decision-making
What are heuristics?
The type of punishment that involves removing a desirable stimulus to decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
What is negative punishment?
Picking individuals for a study so that each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample
What is random sampling/selection?
William Wundt is most famous for _.
What is developing the first Psychology lab and developed Structuralism?
The extent to which you can generalize findings to a real-life setting.
What is external validity?
Encoding is ___.
What is a type of memory process involving inputting information into the memory system?
Staying away from sushi after eating it and getting sick is an example of this effect.
What is the Garcia effect?
A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. Derived from a theory.
What is a hypothesis?
The person that developed functionalism.
Who is William James?
A type of experimental design in which different groups of participants are randomly assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.
What is Between-Subjects design?
Recollections of events that never actually occurred, often resulting from suggestion or misinformation
What are false childhood memories?
Initially a neutral stimulus that, after being paired with the unconditioned stimulus, triggers a conditioned response (e.g., bell in Pavlov's experiment).
What is a Conditioned Stimulus (CS)?
Often referred to as "g factor," is a hypothetical construct representing a person's overall cognitive ability across various domains, such as reasoning, problem-solving, and learning.
What is general intelligence?
The individual who created the famous study using Classical Conditioning to train dogs with stimuli.
What is Pavlov?
The probability of results of the experiment being attributed to chance.
What is a p-value?
________ involves identifying previously encountered information from among alternatives, while ________ involves retrieving information from memory without cues.
What is recognition and recall?
Operant conditioning is __. Please also describe the two types of reinforcement components used in Operant Conditioning.
What is a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences?
What is positive reinforcement - Involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
What is negative reinforcement - Involves removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior recurring.
The variable that changes the strength or direction of the relationship between two variables
What is a moderator?
The person who discovered Operant Conditioning.
Who is B.F Skinner?
The third variable telling you HOW or WHY a third variable affects the relationship between two variables
What is a mediator?
Describe the difference between working memory and long-term memory.
What is working memory temporarily stores and processes information, while long-term memory stores information over extended periods.
This occurs in classical conditioning when the conditioned response (CR) gradually diminishes or disappears when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented repeatedly without the unconditioned stimulus (US).
What is extinction?
__________ _________ refer to the influence of the sequence in which information is presented on memory performance. __________ __________ pertain to how well information is remembered.
What is order effects and memory effects?