Sensation (Perception)
The activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy is known as
sensation
The sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli by the sense organs and brain is known as
perception
The________ is a dark hole in the center of the________, the colored part of the eye.
pupil; iris
________are light-sensitive receptor cells in the retina that are responsible for sharp focus and color perception, particularly in bright light, and are concentrated on the part of the retina called the fovea.
Cones
Amplitude range is measured in
decibels.
Which of the following laws would help explain why a person in a quiet room is more startled by the ringing of a telephone than a person who is already in a noisy room?
Weber's law
Which of the following defines an absolute threshold?
an adjustment in sensory capacity after prolonged exposure to unchanging stimuli
the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected
the range of wavelengths that the human eye can detect
the smallest level of added stimulation required to sense that a change in stimulation has occurred
the smallest intensity of a stimulus that must be present for it to be detected
Vision starts with______, the physical energy that stimulates the eye.
light
Which of the following is TRUE of cones?
They play a key role in night vision.
They are thin, cylindrical receptor cells that are highly sensitive to light.
They are primarily responsible for the sharply focused perception of color.
They play a key role in seeing objects that are outside the main center of focus.
They are primarily responsible for the sharply focused perception of color.
Clara is a visually impaired person. She is invited to a friend's house for dinner. At her friend's house, Clara navigates the rooms by snapping her fingers, which helps her identify the location of objects in the rooms. This example best illustrates the technique of
echolocation.
Which of the following defines depth perception?
the ability to use sound waves and echoes to determine where objects are
the ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance
the recognition that physical objects are consistent and do not vary
the tendency to weigh information that supports one's initial hypothesis heavily
the ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance
A person staring at an image experiences an afterimage
when sensory nerve receptors fail to pick up visual stimuli.
when the lens focuses light by changing its own thickness.
when retinal activity continues even after one stops looking at an image.
when feature detectors fail to get activated by specialized neurons.
when retinal activity continues even after one stops looking at an image.
In the context of what we see in our world, the range of wavelengths that humans can detect is called the
visual spectrum.
The ganglion cells collect and summarize visual information, which is then moved out the back of the eyeball and sent to the brain through a bundle of ganglion axons called the______ nerve.
optic
The main structure of the vestibular system is formed by the______ of the inner ear.
semicircular canals
Perception can be characterized as which of the following?
It generally precedes sensation.
It is a synonym of sensation.
It refers to the activation of the sense organs.
It involves the interpretation and analysis of stimuli.
It involves the interpretation and analysis of stimuli.
"It's so noisy! How can you stand it?" remarks Caitlyn as the thruway traffic screams past her friend Dave's ground floor apartment. "I don't even notice it anymore," Dave replies. This exchange best exemplifies the concept of
adaptation.
The cornea refracts, or______ light as it passes through.
bends
________refers to the perception of messages about which we have no awareness.
Subliminal perception
Which of the following sequences correctly arranges structures from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?
inner ear → otoliths → semicircular canal
inner ear → semicircular canals → otoliths
otoliths → semicircular canals → inner ear
otoliths → inner ear → semicircular canals
inner ear → semicircular canals → otoliths
George stands on the terrace of his two-story house. When he looks down from the terrace, he sees his car that is parked near the driveway. As he looks ahead, he notices another car of the same model parked on the side of the street. George knows that the car parked on the street is farther away than his car because the other car makes a smaller image on his retina than his car. This example best illustrates the monocular cue of
relative size.
linear perspective.
texture gradient.
motion parallax.
relative size.
The ultimate processing of visual images takes place in the visual________ of the brain.
cortex
Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order in which light passes through the structures of the eye during vision?
pupil → cornea → lens → retina
pupil → lens → cornea → retina
cornea → lens → pupil → retina
cornea → pupil → lens → retina
cornea → pupil → lens → retina
Which of the following statements is true of color blindness?
It enhances contrast sensitivity.
It has two forms: red-green and blue-yellow.
It results in the misalignment of the eyes.
It is more common among men than women.
It is more common among men than women.
________is a feature of wave patterns that allows us to distinguish between loud and soft sounds.
Amplitude