Introduction to Psychology & Psychological Research
Your textbook defines this as the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
psychology, sociology, or philosophy
What is psychology?
This is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
homeostasis, reuptake, or resting potential
What is homeostasis?
When a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a response, this learning process is called:
classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning
What is classical conditioning?
Your textbook defines this as our awareness of internal and external stimuli.
consciousness, dissociation, or automatic processing
What is consciousness?
This method for scientific research uses a step by step process that includes identifying a question, forming a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, analyzing the results, and building a conclusion.
inductive reasoning, scientific method, or deductive reasoning
What is the scientific method?
This term refers to when we stop noticing constant background sensations.
sensory adaptation, top-down processing, or bottom-up processing
What is sensory adaptation?
In operant conditioning, behavior is primarily shaped by:
observing others, rewards and punishments, or genetic inheritance
What are rewards and punishments?
This type of memory has a limited capacity and lasts about 20-30 seconds without rehearsal.
sensory memory, long-term memory, or short-term memory
What is short-term memory?
This debate centers on the question of whether behavior is influenced more by genetics or environment.
nature vs. nurture, personality vs. memory, or culture vs. learning
What is nature vs. nurture?
This nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.
somatic, parasympathetic, or sympathetic
What is the sympathetic nervous system?
To understand and manage emotions in yourself and others, is referred to as:
emotional intelligence, availability bias, or convergent thinking
What is emotional intelligence?
This rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.
meta, homeostatic, or circadian
What is circadian rhythm?
This research design will allow cause-and-effect conclusions.
experimental, correlational, or descriptive
What is experimental?
In 1848, this man suffered damage to his frontal lobe when an iron rod went through his face and skull thus causing loss of impulse control.
Phineas Gage, John Watson, or Bob Woodruff
Who is Phineas Gage?
A student starts raising their hand in class after watching classmates get praise for doing so. This is an example of:
negative reinforcement, classical conditioning, or observational learning
What is observational learning?
This stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements and vivid dreaming.
Stage 1, Stage 2, or REM sleep
What is REM sleep?
This German scientist was the first person to be referred to as a psychologist?
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
These receptors are specialized cells that convert physical stimuli into neural signals.
What are sensory receptors?
This cognitive bias refers to seeing and using an object only in the way it was intended.
What is functional fixedness?
This theory suggests we forget information because we no longer access or use it.
What is Decay Theory?