Basic Concepts
What is classical conditioning?
Learning through association of stimuli.
What was Pavlov's main discovery?
Conditioned reflexes.
What is a control group?
A group not exposed to the experimental treatment.
What does the Rescorla-Wagner model explain?
The strength of conditioning.
What is taste aversion?
Avoiding food due to illness.
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A stimulus that naturally triggers a response.
What did Pavlov use to test classical conditioning?
Dogs.
What is an unpaired control group?
CS and US are presented at different times.
What is blocking in conditioning?
Prior conditioning prevents new learning.
How does classical conditioning affect drug tolerance?
Environmental cues trigger compensatory responses.
What is the term for a learned response to a conditioned stimulus?
Conditioned response (CR).
What is the CS in Pavlov's experiments?
The bell or light.
What is the purpose of random control groups?
To prevent accidental pairing of CS and US.
What is overshadowing?
More salient stimuli overshadow less salient ones.
What is systematic desensitization?
Gradual exposure to reduce phobias.
What happens during extinction?
The conditioned response decreases.
What is the UR in Pavlov’s experiments?
Salivation to food.
What is pseudoconditioning?
Response due to repeated US presentations.
What is conditioned inhibition?
A CS prevents the occurrence of CR.
How is conditioned suppression used to measure fear?
By observing reduced behavior in response to CS.
What is spontaneous recovery?
The reappearance of a CR after extinction.
What happens during second-order conditioning?
A new CS is paired with an old CS.
What is sensitization?
Increased response to repeated stimuli.
What is the renewal effect?
CR reappears in a new context after extinction.
What role do compensatory CRs play in drug use?
They lead to cravings and tolerance.