Neuroanatomy
Lobe in the brain that serves a visual function
Occipital Lobe
Allows quick defensive responses (fight or flight)
Sympathetic Nervous System
Regulates motor movement, balance & coordination
Cerebellum
The approximate resting potential of the inside of a neuron's membrane relative to the outside
-70 millivolts
The name of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid)
Lobe in the brain that serves an auditory function
Temporal Lobe
Induces a calm state (rest and digest)
Parasympathetic
Critical for memory formation
Hippocampus
These gradients can be described by the movement of ions from high to low areas of concentration.
Concentration Gradient
The name of the point from which an axon releases chemicals into the synapse.
Presynaptic Terminal
Part of the neuron that help(s) regulate the concentration of different ions inside and outside of the neuron
Cell Membrane
Outgoing motor information
Efferent
Processes motivation and emotion
Amygdala
After the peak of an action potential, this movement of ions restores the membrane to approximately the resting potential.
The name of the glial cells whose function most closely resembles the immune system's.
Microglia
The correct order of transmission of information within a neuron
Dendrite, cell body, axon hillock, axon, terminal button, synapse
Incoming sensory information
Afferent
Dopamine containing pathway facilitating voluntary movement
Basal Ganglia
This system plays a role in regulating mood, appetite, aggression, and arousal.
Serotonin System
Name of the brain lobes that are responsible for controlling decision-making.
Frontal Lobes
Gaps in the myelin of axons
Nodes of Ranvier
Type of cell that carries out phagocytosis, or the breakdown of any foreign tissue or dead brain cells
Microglial cells
Relay station for sensory organs & input to cortex
Thalamus
These channels open in the axon terminal when an action potential reaches the end of an axon.
Calcium Channels
The brain structure that is the least similar between humans and non-human animals.
Occipital Lobe
(A) Process of growing neurons
(B) Process of growing glial cells
(A) Neurogenesis
(B) Gliogenesis
The parts that make up the central nervous system
Brain & Spinal Cord
Responsible for communication between two halves of the cortex
Corpus Collosum
Type of receptor that changes shape when neurotransmitters bind to them, allowing the influx or efflux of ions.
Ionotropic Receptors
Imaging technique that measures changes in glucose, oxygen, and blood flow in the brain.
Functional Brain Imaging
(A) Cells that help generate myelin in the CNS
(B) Cells that help generate myelin in the PNS
(A) Oligodendroglial Cells
(B) Schwann Cells
The name of the movement of a newly generated neuron to different parts of the developing brain to self-organize into different brain structures.
Neuronal Migration
Conveys messages to pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
This is a brief hyperpolarization of the neuronal membrane that makes it less likely that the neuron will fire an action potential.
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)
The goal of using whole-animal manipulations in brain research.
To determine how an environment or social condition affects the brain and behavior.
Name for when the forebrain fails to develop.
Anencephaly
The total number of cranial nerves.
12
Master hormone producing gland
Pituitary Gland
Part of the brain that gives rise to the dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement.
Substantia nigra
The type of postsynaptic potential that generally occurs in the dendrites.
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials (EPSPs)