Effect by which scores on intelligence exams have increased gradually since the 1930's, usually attributed to better health and nutrition.
What is the Flynn effect?
100
When ingested, these can change our perception of reality and skew peoples' senses for a period of time.
What are psychoactive drugs?
100
Can cause loss of vision, hearing, smell, and motor functions. Particularly prevalent in one particular age demographic.
What is aging?
100
Dr. John Garcia conducted a study in which he irradiated rats and gave them sweet water to drink. As the rats became sick from the radiation, they became conditioned to dislike the water.
What is taste aversion OR the Garcia Effect
100
These are activated after watching other people who are under stress or in a state of discomfort.
What are pain receptors in the brain?
200
Theory put forward by Carol Dweck that claimed that students who believed that their intelligence was malleable and could be increased had greater academic success over time than those who believed their intelligence was static.
What is Fixed-Growth Mindset Theory
200
Patient who suffered from epilepsy and underwent a major bilateral lobotomy in the late 1950's. Very important to our modern understanding about how memory and brain function relate.
Who is H.M.? (Henry Molaison)
200
Originally conducted in 1995, this concept was confirmed when African American students were compared to European American students in a portion of the GRE. African American students were found to do much better when told that the test was not supposed to be indicative of their intelligence level.
What is Stereotype Threat?
200
Study performed at Lancaster University that found the people were more likely to help people that they had something in common with or felt were part of their group.
What is Man U/Liverpool Study?
300
This phenomena is experienced when a suggestion is placed in a person's mind that creates a memory that never existed.
What is an intrusion error?
300
Perspective on health that looks at a person holistically, viewing their body, mind, and surroundings as equally important factors.
What is the biopsychosocial model?
300
A misrepresentation or error in our processing of sensory information that often leads to our perception of something that does not exist.
What is an illusion?
300
Data taken on women's happiness over 20+ years concluded that the women who were happier lived longer on average.
What is the Nun Study?
300
Study in which participants were found to be more likely to talk to an attractive experimenter after a harrowing experience.
What is The Bridge Study
400
Psychologist found in this study that people who are genetically similar tend to have similar preferences and temperaments, even if they did not have similar childhoods.
What is the Minnesota Twins Reared Apart Study?
400
Of these two contrasting ideas that make up this theory, system two refers to slow, methodical decisions made by the brain, while system one refers to reflex-like, instinctive snap judgements.
What is Dual Process Theory?
400
The idea that happiness is something that must be pursued endlessly, and that it can be obtained briefly, but then standards are raised and you are unhappy again.
What is the Hedonic Treadmill
400
Study performed in which participants were asked to compare length of various lines. Confederates were told to deliberately give the wrong answer before the participants. After the confederates gave the wrong answer, 75% of participants also gave a wrong answer, compared to 1% normally.
What is the Asch Line Experiment
400
Effect that was discovered after experimenters found that people were much more likely to support a sign in their front yard supporting a cause if they had accepted a sticker for their window at an earlier point.
What is the Foot-in-the-Door effect?
500
This model evaluates general trends in peoples' psyches over time, specifically looking at goals and motivations as well as crises that can occur.
What are Erikson's 8 Stages of Development?
500
This experiment was conducted by inserting a microelectrode into the primary visual cortex of a cat. It was then determined that relatively simple stimulus features were interpreted by the brain to form a complex image.
What is the Hubel and Wiesel Cat Experiment?
500
This occurs when an individual's nutritional and medical needs are met, but they are lack social interaction, leading to stunted cognitive and motor development.
What is relationship privation?
500
This model of Psychopathology can be linked back to two main causes, both of which need to be present for the pathology to manifest.
What is the Diathesis-Stress Model?
500
Conclusively demonstrated when it was found that patients had pain relief when they believed that they had been administered morphine.