Basics of Brain Development
What is grey matter mainly comprised of?
Cell bodies
What is a cross-sectional study design?
Collect data on different age groups of different people
What is the name of Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development?
Sensorimotor
What is the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) designed to measure?
State of mind about childhood experiences with parents
What were adoption studies used to study? (recitation)
Nature v. Nurture
What percentage of your daily calorie intake does your brain use?
20%
What is habituation?
losing interest after repetition of stimuli (e.g., in infants)
What is the zone of proximal development? (recitation)
The difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can do with help.
What kind of relationships did Hazan and Shaver extend attachment theory to?
Romantic
What is the Flynn Effect?
Cognitive abilities have been increasing
over generations
What cells are responsible for digesting debris of dead neurons, carrying nutritional support from blood vessels to neurons, and regulating ions? (recitation)
Microglial/Astrocytes
What are the three methods of recording signals from the brain that were discussed?
EEG, MEG, and fMRI
What do you call the ability to place perceptually different entities into a common category?
categorization
What was Bowlby’s focus in terms of what an attachment figure provides?
secure base
What is Theory of Mind?
other people might have internal, hidden
mental states (beliefs and desires)
What can visual cortex be used for in people who are born blind?
sense of touch!
What is a limitation of longitudinal research designs to study development?
Lots of time and money; more chance of people dropping out
What characterizes children’s problem solving abilities during the preoperational stage?
conservation tasks (Child only focuses on one aspect of a problem and ignores others)
What does Ainsworth’s “Strange Situation” involve?
brief separation and reunion in lab
What theory posits that the context that a child grows up in extends beyond their immediate family?
Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory
How many neurons are in the brain?
86 billion
What does the “expectancy violation” method rely on ?
infants looking longer at new things, or things are that “surprising”
What is a concept?
All the knowledge that one has about a category (i.e. What you “know” about a category, including more abstract aspects)
Why has attachment theory been criticized from a cross-cultural perspective?
Emphasis on attachment security linked to
values of self-sufficiency and autonomy
What is the study of how cells become different from each other through the regulation of gene expression?
Epigenetics