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Social Psychology
Language
Memory
Attention
Learning
100
Helping others without a ... to one's self is called ... behavior.
benefit, altruistic
100
In an experiment where participants have to identify a letter, the task is easier when a letter is presented as part of a word than when it is presented by itself. This is an example of ...
word-superiority effect
100
What are the three aspects of memory?
encoding, storage, and retrieval
100
A participant in a study is given a chance to choose a photo. After she chooses, the experimenter shows her another photo and asks her why she chose it. The participant does starts explaining her choice, not realizing that the card she is shown is actually not the one she choice. This phenomenon is called ...
choice blindness
100
The "thing" that causes a natural response in an organism is called ... in classical conditioning.
unconditioned stimulus
200
The prisoner's dilemma has been used by researchers to study ... and ... in people.
cooperation, competition
200
a ... is a unit of sound, whereas a ... is a unit of meaning. "Ups" is made of .. phoneme(s) and .. morpheme(s).
phoneme, morpheme, 3, 2
200
Consider the following list of words: down, book, apple, window, chair, corner, fun. If asked to recall, "down" is more likely to be remembered due to the ... and "fun" is more likely to be remembered due to the ...
primacy effect, recency effect
200
Find the letter "z" in the following list: 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 z 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 What kind of process was involved in this search task?
preattentive process
200
In operant conditioning, this is the process by which stimuli similar to each other can produce the same response.
generalization
300
In the Kitty Genovese case, some factors that might have contributed to bystanders not taking action include ...and...
diffusion of responsibility, pluralistic ignorance
300
The fact that children can understand a sentence with complex grammar, like "The girl who is watching a cartoon knows that the cartoon character who is sad is just pretending" is taken as evidence for ...
a language acquisition device
300
In learning a foreign language, which is a better technique? 1. Studying a list of new words, watching some TV, and then going over the list again. 2. Studying the list, reviewing it once, then repeating everything to yourself, and then going over the list again.
1
300
If you are looking at the patterns of someone's hat in a movie scene, you will likely not notice a car passing in the background. This phenomenon is called ...
inattentional blindness
300
If my laptop gets stolen, I will be more likely to lock the door every time after that. This is an example of learning through ...
negative reinforcement (the absence of my laptop reinforces the behavior of locking the door)
400
... and ... are among the cognitive influences on violence and both play a role in racial discrimination and violence. The former describes the process of perceiving others as anonymous and without any identity, and the latter describes the process of perceiving others as less human.
deindividuation, dehumanization
400
In an experiment, students were ... likely to choose a container labeled "no poison" compared to one that said "table sugar" even though they had placed the labels themselves.
less
400
One effective ... is ..., where you associate facts that you want to remember with places that you imagine.
mnemonic device, method of loci
400
Children with ADHD have a hard time foregoing the opportunity to get a reward now for a bigger reward later. This is shown by an empirical method called the ...
choice-delay task
400
Reinforcing successive attempts that more or less help one achieve a final response is called ...
shaping (rat example from the book, page 200).
500
The ... measures people's ... when presented with combinations of categories and the results show that people's ... attitudes do not usually correlate with their ... attitudes.
IAT (Implicit Associations Test), reactions (response time), explicit, implicit (or vice versa)
500
On Noam Chomsky's model of language, the fact that we can express meaning in words and sentences has to do with the fact that we can follow a set of rules, called ... in order to convert ... into a ...
transformational grammar, deep structure, surface structure
500
... usually happens due to damage to ... as a result of ... deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism. Symptoms of the condition include ..., ..., and ... Patients tend to forget words at the ... of a list as they go through the list.
Korsakoff's syndrome, the prefontal cortex, vitamin B1 (thiamine), apathy, confusion, amnesia, beginning
500
Bottom-up processes are examples of ... processing, and top-down processes are example of ... processing.
preattentive, attentive
500
The method used by advertisers to show happy, successful people using a certain product utilizes the idea of learning through ..., whereas cartoons or storybooks like Pinocchio or "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" use ...
vicarious reinforcement; vicarious punishment (page 209)