memory
What is the part of the brain most associated with memory?
Hippocampus
IQ tests heavily rely on _______.
language
Who is founder of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
What did Skinner create to test operant conditioning? What did he use?
Skinner Box (AKA operant conditioning box) to test operant conditioning using rats.
true or false: most actual differences in communication between men and women are incredibly big
false; small
What is the difference between observer memory and field memory?
Observer Memory is a memory in which we see ourselves as an outside observer would. Field Memory is a memory in which you instead picture the scene as you would have seen it through your own eyes.
Define savant syndrome.
A condition in which someone with severe mental disabilities demonstrates certain abilities far in excess of average
Define reflexes.
simple, inevitable, involuntary responses to stimuli
Provide an example of positive reinforcement.
(answers may vary)
You give a puppy a treat when they sit on command.
Provide an example of facial feedback hypothesis.
(answers may vary)
If you smile long enough, you’ll feel happier.
How many types of encoding are there, and what do they mean?
Three types of encoding: semantic, visual, acoustic
Semantic: The encoding of words and their meaning
Visual: The encoding of images
Acoustic: The encoding of words and sounds
What are the three types of intelligences represented by the triarchic model?
1. Analytical Intelligence: ability to reason logically (“book smarts”).
2. Creative Intelligence:ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions.
3. Practical Intelligence:ability to solve real-world problems, especially people problems (“street smarts”).
What does classical conditioning always involve?
automatic, reflexive behavior
Shelby was stung by a bee while waiting by the diving board. Ever since, she has felt frightened whenever she goes near the diving board. Her fear was acquired through:
Classical conditioning
What is the difference between emotion and mood?
Emotion: Relatively immediate response to specific object or situation
Mood: Diffuse, long-lasting affective state
How can one prevent errors in a line-up?
1. Eyewitnesses should be told that the suspect may or may not be in the lineup.
2. Viewing one person at a time (sequential), rather than presenting suspects all at once (simultaneous).
3. Person directing the lineup should not know who the suspect is.
What are the 7 expectancy effects?
1. Quantity of Time
2. Quality of Time
3. Teacher Questioning
4. Teacher praise
5. Teacher non-verbal behavior
6. Classroom environment
7. Instruction
When does habituation occur?
It occurs when an organism learns not to respond to a stimulus this is presented repeatedly without change.
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement is the pleasant consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior in the future. Punishment is the unpleasant consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior in the future.
What are the 7 primary emotions?
1. fear
2. anger
3. sadness
4. happiness
5. disgust
6. surprise
7. contempt
Name the 7 sins of memory.
1. Suggestibility
2. Misattribution
3. Bias
4. Transience
5. Persistence
6. Blocking
7. Absentmindedness
Provide an example of a stereotype threat.
(Answers may vary)
Woman taking a calculus class being afraid she’ll fail and confirm the stereotype that women are not good at math.
When people have a tolerance to a drug, what does their body do?
Their body will exhibit the opposite effect in anticipation to using the substance, which helps keep an equilibrium.
What are the four most effective ways to employ punishment?
1. Immediate
2. Consistent
3. Appropriate (i.e., natural consequences)
4. Paired with reinforcement
What are the 5 types of nonverbal communication?
1. Gestures
2. Body language
3. How we say something
4. Eye gaze
5. Touch