Health and Well-Being
What is general adaptation syndrome?
It says that if stress continues long enough, the body will begin to shut down.
A person does less work in a group than when doing it individually.
What are the Big 5 traits?
What type of behaviors fall under psychopathology?
If the behaviors are maladaptive
What is the best combination of treatments to treat various disorders, such as depression?
Medication and cognitive therapy
What is the difference between chronic stress and acute stress?
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
When you get a person to agree to a large task by getting them to agree to a smaller task first, which then creates a bond.
What is the key idea behind the biological trait theory?
That there are internal bodily systems that affect personality. This shows that there are biological components to personalities.
What is the problem with the current way the DSM groups disorders?
- A lot of disorders are comorbid
- You have to have a certain amount of syndromes to fit in the category
What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist?
A clinical psychologist does one-on-one or group therapy that involves CBT and talking.
A psychiatrist goes to medical school and prescribes medication.
What is positive psychology?
The study of what makes life worth living. Focuses on creating peace and happiness.
What is the Milgram experiment and what did that tell us about obedience?
Milgram experiment: When a participant is told to give shocks to "another participant" (an experimenter) by a man in a lab coat. Then the shocks were supposed to amplify when they got questions wrong.
It showed that a person is likely to be more obedient when the experimenter is closer in proximity physically and psychologically.
What are 3 of Freud's defense mechanisms?
Denial - Refusing to acknowledge source of anxiety
Repression - Excluding source of anxiety from awareness
Projection - Attributing unacceptable qualities of the self to someone else
Reaction formation - Warding off an uncomfortable thought by overemphasizing its opposite
Rationalization - Concocting a seemingly logical reason or excuse for behavior
DIsplacement - shifting the attention of emotion from one object to another
Sublimation - Channeling socially unacceptable impulses into constructive, even admirable, behavior
What is the main theory behind the cognitive behavioral method?
That behavior is learned
What is the most commonly used evidence based treatment?
Cognitive behavioral Therapy.
Define eustress and distress and give 2 examples of each.
Eustress- positive stress; new relationship, winning a game, graduation.
Distress- negative stress; discrimination, exams, etc.
What is in-group out-group bias?
What type of studies were the first to show that personality has a genetic component? What were the results?
Twin studies. Identical twins are more similar in personality than other twins.
What is the basic characteristic of generalized anxiety disorders?
That you experience anxiety even when the stimuli is not present.
What therapy technique is most commonly used for specific phobias?
Exposure therapy, part of behavioral therapy
Describe the process of how stress affects the body (the HPA axis).
•Step 1: Stressful event occurs
•Step 2: Stressful event triggers the hypothalamus
•Step 3: Hypothalamus then signals to the pituitary glad to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
•Step 4: ACTH stimulates the adrenal gland
•Step 5: Adrenal gland responds by releasing cortisol
•Step 6: Cortisol à increases heart rate, increases the release of glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter) in the brain, can shut down reproductive and GI systems, hinders the process of body repair, and in the short term can help burn body fat by redistributing energy to muscles
How are matches made on eHarmony?
They're based on similarity.
What are the Id, Ego, and Superego? What personality traits are associated with the different parts?
Id- impulsive
Ego- mediates between Id and Superego
Superego- overly conservative
What are the two behaviors most commonly associated with schizophrenia?
Hallucinations and Delusions.
What is deep brain stimulation? Why was it created? What is it used to treat now?
An implanted device that sends electrical stimulation to certain areas of the brain.
It was originally used to treat parkinson's.
It is now used to treat depression and OCD